…th 1 when reaching end

Users report an AV at runtime of the compiled binary when using lld and
ThinLTO on windows-msvc. The AV occurs when accessing a static value
which is defined in one crate but used in another. Based on the
disassembly of the cross-crate use, it appears that the use is not
correctly linked with the definition and is instead assigned a garbage
pointer value.

If we look at the symbol tables for each crates' obj file, we can see
what is happening:

*lib.obj*:

```
COFF SYMBOL TABLE
...
00E 00000000 SECT2  notype       External     | _ZN10reproducer7memrchr2FN17h612b61ca0e168901E
...
```

*bin.obj*:

```
COFF SYMBOL TABLE
...
010 00000000 UNDEF  notype       External     | __imp__ZN10reproducer7memrchr2FN17h612b61ca0e168901E
...
```

The use of the symbol has the "import" style symbol name but the
declaration doesn't generate any symbol with the same name. As a result,
linking the files generates a warning from lld:

> rust-lld: warning: bin.obj: locally defined symbol imported: reproducer::memrchr::FN::h612b61ca0e168901 (defined in lib.obj) [LNK4217]

and the symbol reference remains undefined at runtime leading to the AV.

To fix this, we just need to detect that we are performing ThinLTO (and
thus, static linking) and omit the `dllimport` attribute on the extern
item in LLVM IR.

This helps with `*-windows-gnullvm` targets

Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: David Wood <[email protected]>

Fixes rust-lang#102576

…d, r=nikomatsakis

avoid making substs of type aliases late bound when used as fn args

fixes rust-lang#47511
fixes rust-lang#85533
(although I did not know theses issues existed when i was working on this 🙃)

currently `Alias<...>` is treated the same as `Struct<...>` when deciding if generics should be late bound or early bound but this is not correct as `Alias` might normalize to a projection which does not constrain the generics.

I think this needs more tests before merging
more explanation of PR [here](https://hackmd.io/v44a-QVjTIqqhK9uretyQg?view)

Hackmd inline for future readers:
---

This assumes reader is familiar with the concept of early/late bound lifetimes. There's a section on rustc-dev-guide if not (although i think some details are a bit out of date)

## problem & background

Not all lifetimes on a fn can be late bound:
```rust
fn foo<'a>() -> &'a ();
impl<'a> Fn<()> for FooFnDef {
    type Output = &'a (); // uh oh unconstrained lifetime
}
```
so we make make them early bound
```rust
fn foo<'a>() -> &'a ();
impl<'a> Fn<()> for FooFnDef<'a> {// wow look at all that lifetimey
     type Output = &'a ();
}
```
(Closures have the same constraint however it is not enforced leading to soundness bugs, [rust-lang#84385](rust-lang#84385) implements this "downgrading late bound to early bound" for closures)

lifetimes on fn items are only late bound when they are "constrained" by the fn args:
```rust
fn foo<'a>(_: &'a ()) -> &'a ();
//               late bound, not present on `FooFnItem`
//               vv
impl<'a> Trait<(&'a (),)> for FooFnItem {
    type Output = &'a ();
}

// projections do not constrain inputs
fn bar<'a, T: Trait>(_: <T as Trait<'a>>::Assoc) -> &'a (); //  early bound
                                                            //  vv
impl<'a, T: Trait> Fn<(<T as Trait<'a>>::Assoc,)> for BarFnItem<'a, T> {
    type Output = &'a ();
}
```

current logic for determining if inputs "constrain" a lifetime works off of HIR so does not normalize aliases. It also assumes that any path with no self type constrains all its substs (i.e. `Foo<'a, u32>` has no self type but `T::Assoc` does). This falls apart for top level type aliases (see linked issues):

```rust
type Alias<'a, T> = <T as Trait<'a>>::Assoc;
//                      wow look its a path with no self type uwu
//                      i bet that constrains `'a` so it should be latebound
//                      vvvvvvvvvvv
fn foo<'a, T: Trait>(_: Alias<'a, T>) -> &'a ();
//                     `Alias` normalized to make things clearer
//                     vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
impl<'a, T: Trait> Fn<(<T as Trait<'a>>::Assoc,)> for FooFnDef<T> {
    type Output = &'a ();
    // oh no `'a` isnt constrained wah wah waaaah *trumbone noises*
    // i think, idk what musical instrument that is
}
```

## solution

The PR solves this by having the hir visitor that checks for lifetimes in constraining uses check if the path is a `DefKind::Alias`. If it is we ""normalize"" it by calling `type_of` and walking the returned type. This is a bit hacky as it requires a mapping between the substs on the path in hir, and the generics of the `type Alias<...>` which is on the ty layer.

Alternative solutions may involve calculating the "late boundness" of lifetimes after/during astconv rather than relying on hir at all. We already have code to determine whether a lifetime SHOULD be late bound or not as this is currently how the error for `fn foo<'a, T: Trait>(_: Alias<'a, T>) -> &'a ();` gets emitted.

It is probably not possible to do this right now, late boundness is used by `generics_of` and `gather_explicit_predicates_of` as we currently do not put late bound lifetimes in `Generics`. Although this seems sus to me as the long term goal is to make all generics late bound which would result in `generics_of(function)` being empty? [rust-lang#103448](rust-lang#103448) places all lifetimes in `Generics` regardless of late boundness so that may be a good step towards making this possible.

…r=michaelwoerister

Fix Access Violation when using lld & ThinLTO on windows-msvc

Users report an AV at runtime of the compiled binary when using lld and ThinLTO on windows-msvc. The AV occurs when accessing a static value which is defined in one crate but used in another. Based on the disassembly of the cross-crate use, it appears that the use is not correctly linked with the definition and is instead assigned a garbage pointer value.

If we look at the symbol tables for each crates' obj file, we can see what is happening:

*lib.obj*:

```
COFF SYMBOL TABLE
...
00E 00000000 SECT2  notype       External     | _ZN10reproducer7memrchr2FN17h612b61ca0e168901E
...
```

*bin.obj*:

```
COFF SYMBOL TABLE
...
010 00000000 UNDEF  notype       External     | __imp__ZN10reproducer7memrchr2FN17h612b61ca0e168901E
...
```

The use of the symbol has the "import" style symbol name but the declaration doesn't generate any symbol with the same name. As a result, linking the files generates a warning from lld:

> rust-lld: warning: bin.obj: locally defined symbol imported: reproducer::memrchr::FN::h612b61ca0e168901 (defined in lib.obj) [LNK4217]

and the symbol reference remains undefined at runtime leading to the AV.

To fix this, we just need to detect that we are performing ThinLTO (and thus, static linking) and omit the `dllimport` attribute on the extern item in LLVM IR.

Fixes rust-lang#81408

…-hang, r=jackh726,wesleywiser

Avoid possible infinite  loop when next_point reaching the end of file

Fixes rust-lang#103451
If we return a span with `lo` = `hi`, `span_to_snippet` will always get `Ok("")`, which may introduce infinite loop if we don't care.

This PR make `find_width_of_character_at_span` return `width` with 1, so that `span_to_snippet` will get an `Err`.

first move on a nested span_label

trying not to be smart this time.

…if-let, r=jackh276,davidtwco

Recover from common if let syntax mistakes/typos

Fixes rust-lang#103587

…crum

Update several crates for improved support of the new targets

This helps with `*-windows-gnullvm` targets by reducing amount of patching.

…ce, r=Mark-Simulacrum

Don't intra linkcheck reference

This removes the reference from the intra-doc link checks. This causes problems if any of the reference content needs to change, it causes the linkchecker to break. The reference has its own broken link check (https://github.com/rust-lang/reference/tree/master/style-check) which uses pulldown-cmark on the source to find actual broken links (instead of false-positives like this regex does).

I think the intra-doc link check could potentially be removed completely, since I think rustdoc is now checking for them well enough. However, it may serve as a decent regression check.

…ble-trait, r=GuillaumeGomez

rustdoc: use javascript to layout notable traits popups

Fixes rust-lang#102576

Preview: https://notriddle.com/notriddle-rustdoc-demos/102576-js-notable-trait/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.step_by

## Before

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1593513/200432713-23aa8d49-ba2b-469f-9eab-089e0c174039.png)

## After

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1593513/200432735-edd5b53d-e99d-4fc5-9410-8a79e0efdc9d.png)