Rollup merge of #118625 - ShE3py:expr-in-pats, r=WaffleLapkin

Improve handling of expressions in patterns

Closes #112593.

Methodcalls' dots in patterns are silently recovered as commas (e.g. `Foo("".len())` -> `Foo("", len())`) so extra diagnostics are emitted:
```rs
struct Foo(u8, String, u8);

fn bar(foo: Foo) -> bool {
    match foo {
        Foo(4, "yippee".yeet(), 7) => true,
        _ => false
    }
}
```
```
error: expected one of `)`, `,`, `...`, `..=`, `..`, or `|`, found `.`
 --> main.rs:5:24
  |
5 |         Foo(4, "yippee".yeet(), 7) => true,
  |                        ^
  |                        |
  |                        expected one of `)`, `,`, `...`, `..=`, `..`, or `|`
  |                        help: missing `,`

error[E0531]: cannot find tuple struct or tuple variant `yeet` in this scope
 --> main.rs:5:25
  |
5 |         Foo(4, "yippee".yeet(), 7) => true,
  |                         ^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0023]: this pattern has 4 fields, but the corresponding tuple struct has 3 fields
 --> main.rs:5:13
  |
1 | struct Foo(u8, String, u8);
  |            --  ------  -- tuple struct has 3 fields
...
5 |         Foo(4, "yippee".yeet(), 7) => true,
  |             ^  ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^  ^ expected 3 fields, found 4

error: aborting due to 3 previous errors
```

This PR checks for patterns that ends with a dot and a lowercase ident (as structs/variants should be uppercase):
```
error: expected a pattern, found a method call
 --> main.rs:5:16
  |
5 |         Foo(4, "yippee".yeet(), 7) => true,
  |                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ method calls are not allowed in patterns

error: aborting due to 1 previous error
```

Also check for expressions:
```rs
fn is_idempotent(x: f32) -> bool {
    match x {
        x * x => true,
        _ => false,
    }
}

fn main() {
    let mut t: [i32; 5];
    let t[0] = 1;
}
```
```
error: expected a pattern, found an expression
 --> main.rs:3:9
  |
3 |         x * x => true,
  |         ^^^^^ arbitrary expressions are not allowed in patterns

error: expected a pattern, found an expression
  --> main.rs:10:9
   |
10 |     let t[0] = 1;
   |         ^^^^ arbitrary expressions are not allowed in patterns
```

Would be cool if the compiler could suggest adding a guard for `match`es, but I've no idea how to do it.

---
`@rustbot` label +A-diagnostics +A-parser +A-patterns +C-enhancement

compiler/rustc_parse/messages.ftl

@@ -772,6 +772,20 @@ parse_unexpected_const_param_declaration = unexpected `const` parameter declarat
 parse_unexpected_default_value_for_lifetime_in_generic_parameters = unexpected default lifetime parameter
     .label = lifetime parameters cannot have default values
 
+parse_unexpected_expr_in_pat =
+    expected {$is_bound ->
+        [true] a pattern range bound
+       *[false] a pattern
+    }, found {$is_method_call ->
+        [true] a method call
+       *[false] an expression
+    }
+
+    .label = {$is_method_call ->
+        [true] method calls
+       *[false] arbitrary expressions
+    } are not allowed in patterns
+
 parse_unexpected_if_with_if = unexpected `if` in the condition expression
     .suggestion = remove the `if`
 

compiler/rustc_parse/src/errors.rs

@@ -2415,6 +2415,18 @@ pub(crate) struct ExpectedCommaAfterPatternField {
     pub span: Span,
 }
 
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(parse_unexpected_expr_in_pat)]
+pub(crate) struct UnexpectedExpressionInPattern {
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[label]
+    pub span: Span,
+    /// Was a `RangePatternBound` expected?
+    pub is_bound: bool,
+    /// Was the unexpected expression a `MethodCallExpression`?
+    pub is_method_call: bool,
+}
+
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(parse_unexpected_paren_in_range_pat)]
 pub(crate) struct UnexpectedParenInRangePat {

compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs

@@ -444,6 +444,19 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             ) if self.restrictions.contains(Restrictions::CONST_EXPR) => {
                 return None;
             }
+            // When recovering patterns as expressions, stop parsing when encountering an assignment `=`, an alternative `|`, or a range `..`.
+            (
+                Some(
+                    AssocOp::Assign
+                    | AssocOp::AssignOp(_)
+                    | AssocOp::BitOr
+                    | AssocOp::DotDot
+                    | AssocOp::DotDotEq,
+                ),
+                _,
+            ) if self.restrictions.contains(Restrictions::IS_PAT) => {
+                return None;
+            }
             (Some(op), _) => (op, self.token.span),
             (None, Some((Ident { name: sym::and, span }, false))) if self.may_recover() => {
                 self.dcx().emit_err(errors::InvalidLogicalOperator {

compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ bitflags::bitflags! {
         const CONST_EXPR        = 1 << 2;
         const ALLOW_LET         = 1 << 3;
         const IN_IF_GUARD       = 1 << 4;
+        const IS_PAT            = 1 << 5;
     }
 }
 

compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/pat.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-use super::{ForceCollect, Parser, PathStyle, TrailingToken};
+use super::{ForceCollect, Parser, PathStyle, Restrictions, TrailingToken};
 use crate::errors::{
     self, AmbiguousRangePattern, DotDotDotForRemainingFields, DotDotDotRangeToPatternNotAllowed,
     DotDotDotRestPattern, EnumPatternInsteadOfIdentifier, ExpectedBindingLeftOfAt,
     ExpectedCommaAfterPatternField, GenericArgsInPatRequireTurbofishSyntax,
     InclusiveRangeExtraEquals, InclusiveRangeMatchArrow, InclusiveRangeNoEnd, InvalidMutInPattern,
     PatternOnWrongSideOfAt, RefMutOrderIncorrect, RemoveLet, RepeatedMutInPattern,
     SwitchRefBoxOrder, TopLevelOrPatternNotAllowed, TopLevelOrPatternNotAllowedSugg,
-    TrailingVertNotAllowed, UnexpectedLifetimeInPattern, UnexpectedParenInRangePat,
-    UnexpectedParenInRangePatSugg, UnexpectedVertVertBeforeFunctionParam,
-    UnexpectedVertVertInPattern,
+    TrailingVertNotAllowed, UnexpectedExpressionInPattern, UnexpectedLifetimeInPattern,
+    UnexpectedParenInRangePat, UnexpectedParenInRangePatSugg,
+    UnexpectedVertVertBeforeFunctionParam, UnexpectedVertVertInPattern,
 };
 use crate::{maybe_recover_from_interpolated_ty_qpath, maybe_whole};
 use rustc_ast::mut_visit::{noop_visit_pat, MutVisitor};
 use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
-use rustc_ast::token::{self, Delimiter};
+use rustc_ast::token::{self, BinOpToken, Delimiter, Token};
 use rustc_ast::{
     self as ast, AttrVec, BindingAnnotation, ByRef, Expr, ExprKind, MacCall, Mutability, Pat,
     PatField, PatFieldsRest, PatKind, Path, QSelf, RangeEnd, RangeSyntax,
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder, PResult};
 use rustc_session::errors::ExprParenthesesNeeded;
 use rustc_span::source_map::{respan, Spanned};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident};
-use rustc_span::Span;
+use rustc_span::{ErrorGuaranteed, Span};
 use thin_vec::{thin_vec, ThinVec};
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Copy, Clone)]
@@ -336,6 +336,95 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Ensures that the last parsed pattern (or pattern range bound) is not followed by a method call or an operator.
+    ///
+    /// `is_end_bound` indicates whether the last parsed thing was the end bound of a range pattern (see [`parse_pat_range_end`](Self::parse_pat_range_end))
+    /// in order to say "expected a pattern range bound" instead of "expected a pattern";
+    /// ```text
+    /// 0..=1 + 2
+    ///     ^^^^^
+    /// ```
+    /// Only the end bound is spanned, and this function have no idea if there were a `..=` before `pat_span`, hence the parameter.
+    #[must_use = "the pattern must be discarded as `PatKind::Err` if this function returns Some"]
+    fn maybe_recover_trailing_expr(
+        &mut self,
+        pat_span: Span,
+        is_end_bound: bool,
+    ) -> Option<ErrorGuaranteed> {
+        if self.prev_token.is_keyword(kw::Underscore) || !self.may_recover() {
+            // Don't recover anything after an `_` or if recovery is disabled.
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        // Check for `.hello()`, but allow `.Hello()` to be recovered as `, Hello()` in `parse_seq_to_before_tokens()`.
+        let has_trailing_method = self.check_noexpect(&token::Dot)
+            && self.look_ahead(1, |tok| {
+                tok.ident()
+                    .and_then(|(ident, _)| ident.name.as_str().chars().next())
+                    .is_some_and(char::is_lowercase)
+            })
+            && self.look_ahead(2, |tok| tok.kind == token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Parenthesis));
+
+        // Check for operators.
+        // `|` is excluded as it is used in pattern alternatives and lambdas,
+        // `?` is included for error propagation,
+        // `[` is included for indexing operations,
+        // `[]` is excluded as `a[]` isn't an expression and should be recovered as `a, []` (cf. `tests/ui/parser/pat-lt-bracket-7.rs`)
+        let has_trailing_operator = matches!(self.token.kind, token::BinOp(op) if op != BinOpToken::Or)
+            || self.token.kind == token::Question
+            || (self.token.kind == token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Bracket)
+                && self.look_ahead(1, |tok| tok.kind != token::CloseDelim(Delimiter::Bracket)));
+
+        if !has_trailing_method && !has_trailing_operator {
+            // Nothing to recover here.
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        // Let's try to parse an expression to emit a better diagnostic.
+        let mut snapshot = self.create_snapshot_for_diagnostic();
+        snapshot.restrictions.insert(Restrictions::IS_PAT);
+
+        // Parse `?`, `.f`, `(arg0, arg1, ...)` or `[expr]` until they've all been eaten.
+        if let Ok(expr) = snapshot
+            .parse_expr_dot_or_call_with(
+                self.mk_expr_err(pat_span), // equivalent to transforming the parsed pattern into an `Expr`
+                pat_span,
+                AttrVec::new(),
+            )
+            .map_err(|err| err.cancel())
+        {
+            let non_assoc_span = expr.span;
+
+            // Parse an associative expression such as `+ expr`, `% expr`, ...
+            // Assignements, ranges and `|` are disabled by [`Restrictions::IS_PAT`].
+            if let Ok(expr) =
+                snapshot.parse_expr_assoc_with(0, expr.into()).map_err(|err| err.cancel())
+            {
+                // We got a valid expression.
+                self.restore_snapshot(snapshot);
+                self.restrictions.remove(Restrictions::IS_PAT);
+
+                let is_bound = is_end_bound
+                    // is_start_bound: either `..` or `)..`
+                    || self.token.is_range_separator()
+                    || self.token.kind == token::CloseDelim(Delimiter::Parenthesis)
+                        && self.look_ahead(1, Token::is_range_separator);
+
+                // Check that `parse_expr_assoc_with` didn't eat a rhs.
+                let is_method_call = has_trailing_method && non_assoc_span == expr.span;
+
+                return Some(self.dcx().emit_err(UnexpectedExpressionInPattern {
+                    span: expr.span,
+                    is_bound,
+                    is_method_call,
+                }));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // We got a trailing method/operator, but we couldn't parse an expression.
+        None
+    }
+
     /// Parses a pattern, with a setting whether modern range patterns (e.g., `a..=b`, `a..b` are
     /// allowed).
     fn parse_pat_with_range_pat(
@@ -441,7 +530,10 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             } else if self.check(&token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Parenthesis)) {
                 self.parse_pat_tuple_struct(qself, path)?
             } else {
-                PatKind::Path(qself, path)
+                match self.maybe_recover_trailing_expr(span, false) {
+                    Some(guar) => PatKind::Err(guar),
+                    None => PatKind::Path(qself, path),
+                }
             }
         } else if matches!(self.token.kind, token::Lifetime(_))
             // In pattern position, we're totally fine with using "next token isn't colon"
@@ -470,10 +562,17 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         } else {
             // Try to parse everything else as literal with optional minus
             match self.parse_literal_maybe_minus() {
-                Ok(begin) => match self.parse_range_end() {
-                    Some(form) => self.parse_pat_range_begin_with(begin, form)?,
-                    None => PatKind::Lit(begin),
-                },
+                Ok(begin) => {
+                    let begin = match self.maybe_recover_trailing_expr(begin.span, false) {
+                        Some(_) => self.mk_expr_err(begin.span),
+                        None => begin,
+                    };
+
+                    match self.parse_range_end() {
+                        Some(form) => self.parse_pat_range_begin_with(begin, form)?,
+                        None => PatKind::Lit(begin),
+                    }
+                }
                 Err(err) => return self.fatal_unexpected_non_pat(err, expected),
             }
         };
@@ -615,6 +714,21 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
                     self.parse_pat_range_begin_with(begin.clone(), form)?
                 }
+                // recover ranges with parentheses around the `(start)..`
+                PatKind::Err(_)
+                    if self.may_recover()
+                        && let Some(form) = self.parse_range_end() =>
+                {
+                    self.dcx().emit_err(UnexpectedParenInRangePat {
+                        span: vec![open_paren, close_paren],
+                        sugg: UnexpectedParenInRangePatSugg {
+                            start_span: open_paren,
+                            end_span: close_paren,
+                        },
+                    });
+
+                    self.parse_pat_range_begin_with(self.mk_expr(pat.span, ExprKind::Err), form)?
+                }
 
                 // (pat) with optional parentheses
                 _ => PatKind::Paren(pat),
@@ -853,6 +967,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             self.parse_literal_maybe_minus()
         }?;
 
+        let recovered = self.maybe_recover_trailing_expr(bound.span, true);
+
         // recover trailing `)`
         if let Some(open_paren) = open_paren {
             self.expect(&token::CloseDelim(Delimiter::Parenthesis))?;
@@ -866,7 +982,10 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             });
         }
 
-        Ok(bound)
+        Ok(match recovered {
+            Some(_) => self.mk_expr_err(bound.span),
+            None => bound,
+        })
     }
 
     /// Is this the start of a pattern beginning with a path?
@@ -929,7 +1048,17 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 .create_err(EnumPatternInsteadOfIdentifier { span: self.prev_token.span }));
         }
 
-        Ok(PatKind::Ident(binding_annotation, ident, sub))
+        // Check for method calls after the `ident`,
+        // but not `ident @ subpat` as `subpat` was already checked and `ident` continues with `@`.
+
+        let pat = if sub.is_none()
+            && let Some(guar) = self.maybe_recover_trailing_expr(ident.span, false)
+        {
+            PatKind::Err(guar)
+        } else {
+            PatKind::Ident(binding_annotation, ident, sub)
+        };
+        Ok(pat)
     }
 
     /// Parse a struct ("record") pattern (e.g. `Foo { ... }` or `Foo::Bar { ... }`).

tests/ui/half-open-range-patterns/range_pat_interactions1.rs

@@ -17,12 +17,18 @@ fn main() {
         }
         match x as i32 {
             0..5+1 => errors_only.push(x),
-            //~^ error: expected one of `=>`, `if`, or `|`, found `+`
+            //~^ error: expected a pattern range bound, found an expression
+            //~| error: exclusive range pattern syntax is experimental
             1 | -3..0 => first_or.push(x),
+            //~^ error: exclusive range pattern syntax is experimental
             y @ (0..5 | 6) => or_two.push(y),
+            //~^ error: exclusive range pattern syntax is experimental
             y @ 0..const { 5 + 1 } => assert_eq!(y, 5),
+            //~^ error: exclusive range pattern syntax is experimental
+            //~| error: inline-const in pattern position is experimental
             y @ -5.. => range_from.push(y),
             y @ ..-7 => assert_eq!(y, -8),
+            //~^ error: exclusive range pattern syntax is experimental
             y => bottom.push(y),
         }
     }