rolldown · sxzz · Mar 16, 2026 · Mar 16, 2026 · Mar 16, 2026 · Mar 16, 2026
diff --git a/docs/options/css.md b/docs/options/css.md
@@ -328,6 +328,94 @@ export function greet() {
 
 This is useful for component libraries where you want CSS to be automatically included when users import your components.
 
+## CSS Modules
+
+Files with the `.module.css` extension (and preprocessor variants like `.module.scss`, `.module.less`, etc.) are treated as [CSS modules](https://github.com/css-modules/css-modules). Class names are automatically scoped and exported as a JavaScript object:
+
+```ts
+// src/index.ts
+import styles from './app.module.css'
+
+console.log(styles.title) // "scoped_title_hash"
+```
+
+```css
+/* app.module.css */
+.title {
+  color: red;
+}
+.content {
+  font-size: 14px;
+}
+```
+
+The CSS is emitted with scoped class names, and the JS output exports the mapping from original to scoped names.
+
+### Configuration
+
+Configure CSS modules behavior via `css.modules`:
+
+```ts
+export default defineConfig({
+  css: {
+    modules: {
+      // Scoping behavior: 'local' (default) or 'global'
+      scopeBehaviour: 'local',
+
+      // Pattern for scoped class names (Lightning CSS pattern syntax)
+      generateScopedName: '[hash]_[local]',
+
+      // Transform class name convention in JS exports
+      localsConvention: 'camelCase',
+    },
+  },
+})
+```
+
+Set `css.modules: false` to disable CSS modules entirely — `.module.css` files will be treated as regular CSS.
+
+### `localsConvention`
+
+Controls how class names are exported in JavaScript:
+
+| Value             | Input     | Exports             |
+| ----------------- | --------- | ------------------- |
+| _(not set)_       | `foo-bar` | `foo-bar`           |
+| `'camelCase'`     | `foo-bar` | `foo-bar`, `fooBar` |
+| `'camelCaseOnly'` | `foo-bar` | `fooBar`            |
+| `'dashes'`        | `foo-bar` | `foo-bar`, `fooBar` |
+| `'dashesOnly'`    | `foo-bar` | `fooBar`            |
+
+### `generateScopedName`
+
+When using `transformer: 'lightningcss'` (default), this accepts a Lightning CSS [pattern string](https://lightningcss.dev/css-modules.html#custom-naming-conventions) (e.g., `'[hash]_[local]'`).
+
+When using `transformer: 'postcss'`, this also accepts a function:
+
+```ts
+export default defineConfig({
+  css: {
+    transformer: 'postcss',
+    modules: {
+      generateScopedName: (name, filename, css) => {
+        return `my-lib_${name}`
+      },
+    },
+  },
+})
+```
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Function-form `generateScopedName` is only supported with `transformer: 'postcss'`. The Lightning CSS transformer only supports string patterns.
+
+### Optional Dependencies
+
+When using `transformer: 'postcss'` with CSS modules, install [`postcss-modules`](https://github.com/css-modules/postcss-modules):
+
+```bash
+npm install -D postcss postcss-modules
+```
+
 ## CSS Code Splitting
 
 ### Merged Mode (Default)
@@ -372,6 +460,22 @@ dist/
   async-abc123.css ← CSS from async chunk
 ```
 
+## PostCSS Optional Peer Dependencies
+
+When using `transformer: 'postcss'`, the following packages may need to be installed depending on the features you use:
+
+| Package                                                             | Purpose                                  | Required When                          |
+| ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
+| [`postcss`](https://github.com/postcss/postcss)                     | Core PostCSS engine                      | Always (with `transformer: 'postcss'`) |
+| [`postcss-import`](https://github.com/postcss/postcss-import)       | Resolve and inline `@import` statements  | CSS files use `@import`                |
+| [`postcss-modules`](https://github.com/css-modules/postcss-modules) | CSS modules support (scoped class names) | Using `.module.css` files              |
+
+```bash
+npm install -D postcss postcss-import postcss-modules
+```
+
+All three are declared as optional peer dependencies of `@tsdown/css` and only loaded when needed.
+
 ## Options Reference
 
 | Option                    | Type                          | Default          | Description                                                 |
@@ -380,6 +484,7 @@ dist/
 | `css.splitting`           | `boolean`                     | `false`          | Enable CSS code splitting per chunk                         |
 | `css.fileName`            | `string`                      | `'style.css'`    | File name for the merged CSS file (when `splitting: false`) |
 | `css.minify`              | `boolean`                     | `false`          | Enable CSS minification                                     |
+| `css.modules`             | `object \| false`             | `{}`             | CSS modules configuration, or `false` to disable            |
 | `css.target`              | `string \| string[] \| false` | _from `target`_  | CSS-specific syntax lowering target                         |
 | `css.postcss`             | `string \| object`            | —                | PostCSS config path or inline options                       |
 | `css.preprocessorOptions` | `object`                      | —                | Options for CSS preprocessors                               |

diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/options/css.md b/docs/zh-CN/options/css.md
@@ -328,6 +328,94 @@ export function greet() {
 
 这对于组件库非常有用，可以确保用户导入组件时自动包含对应的 CSS。
 
+## CSS Modules
+
+扩展名为 `.module.css` 的文件（以及预处理器变体如 `.module.scss`、`.module.less` 等）会被视为 [CSS Modules](https://github.com/css-modules/css-modules)。类名会自动添加作用域，并作为 JavaScript 对象导出：
+
+```ts
+// src/index.ts
+import styles from './app.module.css'
+
+console.log(styles.title) // "scoped_title_hash"
+```
+
+```css
+/* app.module.css */
+.title {
+  color: red;
+}
+.content {
+  font-size: 14px;
+}
+```
+
+CSS 会以作用域化的类名输出，JS 输出导出原始类名到作用域化类名的映射。
+
+### 配置
+
+通过 `css.modules` 配置 CSS modules 行为：
+
+```ts
+export default defineConfig({
+  css: {
+    modules: {
+      // 作用域行为：'local'（默认）或 'global'
+      scopeBehaviour: 'local',
+
+      // 作用域类名模式（Lightning CSS 模式语法）
+      generateScopedName: '[hash]_[local]',
+
+      // JS 导出中的类名转换约定
+      localsConvention: 'camelCase',
+    },
+  },
+})
+```
+
+设置 `css.modules: false` 可完全禁用 CSS modules——`.module.css` 文件将被视为普通 CSS。
+
+### `localsConvention`
+
+控制类名在 JavaScript 中的导出方式：
+
+| 值                | 输入      | 导出                |
+| ----------------- | --------- | ------------------- |
+| _（未设置）_      | `foo-bar` | `foo-bar`           |
+| `'camelCase'`     | `foo-bar` | `foo-bar`、`fooBar` |
+| `'camelCaseOnly'` | `foo-bar` | `fooBar`            |
+| `'dashes'`        | `foo-bar` | `foo-bar`、`fooBar` |
+| `'dashesOnly'`    | `foo-bar` | `fooBar`            |
+
+### `generateScopedName`
+
+使用 `transformer: 'lightningcss'`（默认）时，接受 Lightning CSS [模式字符串](https://lightningcss.dev/css-modules.html#custom-naming-conventions)（如 `'[hash]_[local]'`）。
+
+使用 `transformer: 'postcss'` 时，还支持函数形式：
+
+```ts
+export default defineConfig({
+  css: {
+    transformer: 'postcss',
+    modules: {
+      generateScopedName: (name, filename, css) => {
+        return `my-lib_${name}`
+      },
+    },
+  },
+})
+```
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> 函数形式的 `generateScopedName` 仅在 `transformer: 'postcss'` 时支持。Lightning CSS 转换器仅支持字符串模式。
+
+### 可选依赖
+
+使用 `transformer: 'postcss'` 配合 CSS modules 时，需安装 [`postcss-modules`](https://github.com/css-modules/postcss-modules)：
+
+```bash
+npm install -D postcss postcss-modules
+```
+
 ## CSS 代码分割
 
 ### 合并模式（默认）
@@ -372,6 +460,22 @@ dist/
   async-abc123.css ← 异步 chunk 的 CSS
 ```
 
+## PostCSS 可选依赖
+
+使用 `transformer: 'postcss'` 时，根据使用的功能可能需要安装以下包：
+
+| 包                                                                  | 用途                           | 何时需要                                     |
+| ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- |
+| [`postcss`](https://github.com/postcss/postcss)                     | PostCSS 核心引擎               | 始终需要（使用 `transformer: 'postcss'` 时） |
+| [`postcss-import`](https://github.com/postcss/postcss-import)       | 解析和内联 `@import` 语句      | CSS 文件使用 `@import` 时                    |
+| [`postcss-modules`](https://github.com/css-modules/postcss-modules) | CSS modules 支持（作用域类名） | 使用 `.module.css` 文件时                    |
+
+```bash
+npm install -D postcss postcss-import postcss-modules
+```
+
+这三个包都声明为 `@tsdown/css` 的可选 peer dependencies，仅在需要时加载。
+
 ## 选项参考
 
 | 选项                      | 类型                          | 默认值           | 描述                                          |
@@ -380,6 +484,7 @@ dist/
 | `css.splitting`           | `boolean`                     | `false`          | 启用按 chunk 的 CSS 代码分割                  |
 | `css.fileName`            | `string`                      | `'style.css'`    | 合并 CSS 的文件名（当 `splitting: false` 时） |
 | `css.minify`              | `boolean`                     | `false`          | 启用 CSS 压缩                                 |
+| `css.modules`             | `object \| false`             | `{}`             | CSS modules 配置，或 `false` 禁用             |
 | `css.target`              | `string \| string[] \| false` | _继承 `target`_  | CSS 专用语法降级目标                          |
 | `css.postcss`             | `string \| object`            | —                | PostCSS 配置路径或内联选项                    |
 | `css.preprocessorOptions` | `object`                      | —                | CSS 预处理器选项                              |

diff --git a/packages/css/package.json b/packages/css/package.json
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
   "peerDependencies": {
     "postcss": "^8.4.0",
     "postcss-import": "^16.0.0",
+    "postcss-modules": "^6.0.0",
     "sass": "*",
     "sass-embedded": "*",
     "tsdown": "workspace:*"
@@ -61,6 +62,9 @@
     "postcss-import": {
       "optional": true
     },
+    "postcss-modules": {
+      "optional": true
+    },
     "sass": {
       "optional": true
     },

diff --git a/packages/css/src/index.ts b/packages/css/src/index.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 export { resolveCssOptions } from './options.ts'
 export { CssPlugin } from './plugin.ts'
 export type {
+  CSSModulesOptions,
   CssOptions,
   LessPreprocessorOptions,
   LightningCSSOptions,

diff --git a/packages/css/src/lightningcss.ts b/packages/css/src/lightningcss.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs'
 import path from 'node:path'
+import { extractLightningCssModuleExports } from './modules.ts'
 import { compilePreprocessor, getPreprocessorLang } from './preprocessors.ts'
 import { getCssResolver, resolveWithResolver } from './resolve.ts'
 import type { LightningCSSOptions, PreprocessorOptions } from './options.ts'
-import type { Targets } from 'lightningcss'
+import type { CSSModulesConfig, Targets } from 'lightningcss'
 import type { Logger } from 'tsdown/internal'
 
 const encoder = new TextEncoder()
@@ -13,31 +14,44 @@ export interface TransformCssOptions {
   target?: string[]
   lightningcss?: LightningCSSOptions
   minify?: boolean
+  cssModules?: boolean | CSSModulesConfig
+}
+
+export interface TransformCssResult {
+  code: string
+  modules?: Record<string, string>
 }
 
 export interface BundleCssOptions {
   target?: string[]
   lightningcss?: LightningCSSOptions
   minify?: boolean
+  cssModules?: boolean | CSSModulesConfig
   preprocessorOptions?: PreprocessorOptions
   logger: Logger
 }
 
 export interface BundleCssResult {
   code: string
   deps: string[]
+  modules?: Record<string, string>
 }
 
 export async function transformWithLightningCSS(
   code: string,
   filename: string,
   options: TransformCssOptions,
-): Promise<string> {
+): Promise<TransformCssResult> {
   const targets =
     options.lightningcss?.targets ??
     (options.target ? esbuildTargetToLightningCSS(options.target) : undefined)
-  if (!targets && !options.lightningcss && !options.minify) {
-    return code
+  if (
+    !targets &&
+    !options.lightningcss &&
+    !options.minify &&
+    !options.cssModules
+  ) {
+    return { code }
   }
 
   const { transform } = await import('lightningcss')
@@ -47,9 +61,15 @@ export async function transformWithLightningCSS(
     ...options.lightningcss,
     targets,
     minify: options.minify,
+    cssModules: options.cssModules,
   })
 
-  return decoder.decode(result.code)
+  return {
+    code: decoder.decode(result.code),
+    modules: result.exports
+      ? extractLightningCssModuleExports(result.exports)
+      : undefined,
+  }
 }
 
 export async function bundleWithLightningCSS(
@@ -69,6 +89,7 @@ export async function bundleWithLightningCSS(
     ...options.lightningcss,
     targets,
     minify: options.minify,
+    cssModules: options.cssModules,
     resolver: {
       async read(filePath: string) {
         let fileCode: string
@@ -108,6 +129,9 @@ export async function bundleWithLightningCSS(
   return {
     code: new TextDecoder().decode(result.code),
     deps,
+    modules: result.exports
+      ? extractLightningCssModuleExports(result.exports)
+      : undefined,
   }
 }