Add geopandas stubs

[hamdanal]

These are basically copied over from hamdanal/python-stubs. I've been using them for a while with Pylance and fixing them along the way, hopefully they are of good quality. I've also written some tests in the original repo that I did not include in the PR but might consider using some of them later if we find it necessary.

[srittau]

CI now passes.

[hamdanal]

This is now ready for review

[srittau]

Thanks, I've noticed quite a few uncommented Anys. Please note that we now require each Any to be documented with the possible types or the reason why Any is necessary. In the case of dict[str, Any] it could sometimes be better to use dict[str, Incomplete] if it might be possible to convert the dict to a TypedDict.

[srittau]

We usually declared a type alias for this, e.g.:

Colormap: TypeAlias = Any  # from matplotlib.colors

But I'm actually interested how well this approach works.

[hamdanal]

It works very well in this case because these imports usage is localized to places where the optional dependency would be present at runtime, so there is no confusion for type checkers.

[hamdanal]

Thanks, I've noticed quite a few uncommented Anys. Please note that we now require each Any to be documented with the possible types or the reason why Any is necessary. In the case of dict[str, Any] it could sometimes be better to use dict[str, Incomplete] if it might be possible to convert the dict to a TypedDict.

Thanks for the review. I replaced some Anys by Incompletes and commented on all the remaining ones.

[github-actions]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

pandera (https://github.com/pandera-dev/pandera)
+ tests/geopandas/test_geopandas.py:62: error: Type application targets a non-generic function or class  [misc]
+ tests/geopandas/test_geopandas.py:66: error: Type application targets a non-generic function or class  [misc]
+ tests/geopandas/test_geopandas.py:110: error: Type application targets a non-generic function or class  [misc]
+ tests/geopandas/test_geopandas.py:113: error: Type application targets a non-generic function or class  [misc]
+ tests/geopandas/test_geopandas.py:159: error: Type application targets a non-generic function or class  [misc]
+ tests/geopandas/test_geopandas.py:162: error: Type application targets a non-generic function or class  [misc]
+ tests/geopandas/test_geopandas.py:289: error: Type application targets a non-generic function or class  [misc]
+ tests/geopandas/test_geopandas.py:292: error: Type application targets a non-generic function or class  [misc]