copy the dtypes module to the namedarray package.

xarray/namedarray/core.py

@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ def imag(self) -> Self:
         """
         return self._replace(data=self.data.imag)
 
-    def __dask_tokenize__(self) -> Hashable | None:
+    def __dask_tokenize__(self) -> Hashable:
         # Use v.data, instead of v._data, in order to cope with the wrappers
         # around NetCDF and the like
         from dask.base import normalize_token

xarray/namedarray/dtypes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from typing import TypeGuard
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeGuard
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from xarray.namedarray import utils
+
+# Use as a sentinel value to indicate a dtype appropriate NA value.
+NA = utils.ReprObject("<NA>")
+
+
+@functools.total_ordering
+class AlwaysGreaterThan:
+    def __gt__(self, other: Any) -> Literal[True]:
+        return True
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, type(self))
+
+
+@functools.total_ordering
+class AlwaysLessThan:
+    def __lt__(self, other: Any) -> Literal[True]:
+        return True
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, type(self))
+
+
+# Equivalence to np.inf (-np.inf) for object-type
+INF = AlwaysGreaterThan()
+NINF = AlwaysLessThan()
+
+
+# Pairs of types that, if both found, should be promoted to object dtype
+# instead of following NumPy's own type-promotion rules. These type promotion
+# rules match pandas instead. For reference, see the NumPy type hierarchy:
+# https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.scalars.html
+PROMOTE_TO_OBJECT: tuple[tuple[type[np.generic], type[np.generic]], ...] = (
+    (np.number, np.character),  # numpy promotes to character
+    (np.bool_, np.character),  # numpy promotes to character
+    (np.bytes_, np.str_),  # numpy promotes to unicode
+)
+
+
+def maybe_promote(dtype: np.dtype[np.generic]) -> tuple[np.dtype[np.generic], Any]:
+    """Simpler equivalent of pandas.core.common._maybe_promote
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    dtype : np.dtype
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dtype : Promoted dtype that can hold missing values.
+    fill_value : Valid missing value for the promoted dtype.
+    """
+    # N.B. these casting rules should match pandas
+    dtype_: np.typing.DTypeLike
+    fill_value: Any
+    if np.issubdtype(dtype, np.floating):
+        dtype_ = dtype
+        fill_value = np.nan
+    elif np.issubdtype(dtype, np.timedelta64):
+        # See https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/10685
+        # np.timedelta64 is a subclass of np.integer
+        # Check np.timedelta64 before np.integer
+        fill_value = np.timedelta64("NaT")
+        dtype_ = dtype
+    elif np.issubdtype(dtype, np.integer):
+        dtype_ = np.float32 if dtype.itemsize <= 2 else np.float64
+        fill_value = np.nan
+    elif np.issubdtype(dtype, np.complexfloating):
+        dtype_ = dtype
+        fill_value = np.nan + np.nan * 1j
+    elif np.issubdtype(dtype, np.datetime64):
+        dtype_ = dtype
+        fill_value = np.datetime64("NaT")
+    else:
+        dtype_ = object
+        fill_value = np.nan
+
+    dtype_out = np.dtype(dtype_)
+    fill_value = dtype_out.type(fill_value)
+    return dtype_out, fill_value
+
+
+NAT_TYPES = {np.datetime64("NaT").dtype, np.timedelta64("NaT").dtype}
+
+
+def get_fill_value(dtype: np.dtype[np.generic]) -> Any:
+    """Return an appropriate fill value for this dtype.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    dtype : np.dtype
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fill_value : Missing value corresponding to this dtype.
+    """
+    _, fill_value = maybe_promote(dtype)
+    return fill_value
+
+
+def get_pos_infinity(
+    dtype: np.dtype[np.generic], max_for_int: bool = False
+) -> float | complex | AlwaysGreaterThan:
+    """Return an appropriate positive infinity for this dtype.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    dtype : np.dtype
+    max_for_int : bool
+        Return np.iinfo(dtype).max instead of np.inf
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fill_value : positive infinity value corresponding to this dtype.
+    """
+    if issubclass(dtype.type, np.floating):
+        return np.inf
+
+    if issubclass(dtype.type, np.integer):
+        return np.iinfo(dtype.type).max if max_for_int else np.inf
+    if issubclass(dtype.type, np.complexfloating):
+        return np.inf + 1j * np.inf
+
+    return INF
+
+
+def get_neg_infinity(
+    dtype: np.dtype[np.generic], min_for_int: bool = False
+) -> float | complex | AlwaysLessThan:
+    """Return an appropriate positive infinity for this dtype.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    dtype : np.dtype
+    min_for_int : bool
+        Return np.iinfo(dtype).min instead of -np.inf
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fill_value : positive infinity value corresponding to this dtype.
+    """
+    if issubclass(dtype.type, np.floating):
+        return -np.inf
+
+    if issubclass(dtype.type, np.integer):
+        return np.iinfo(dtype.type).min if min_for_int else -np.inf
+    if issubclass(dtype.type, np.complexfloating):
+        return -np.inf - 1j * np.inf
+
+    return NINF
+
+
+def is_datetime_like(
+    dtype: np.dtype[np.generic],
+) -> TypeGuard[np.datetime64 | np.timedelta64]:
+    """Check if a dtype is a subclass of the numpy datetime types"""
+    return np.issubdtype(dtype, np.datetime64) or np.issubdtype(dtype, np.timedelta64)
+
+
+def result_type(
+    *arrays_and_dtypes: np.typing.ArrayLike | np.typing.DTypeLike,
+) -> np.dtype[np.generic]:
+    """Like np.result_type, but with type promotion rules matching pandas.
+
+    Examples of changed behavior:
+    number + string -> object (not string)
+    bytes + unicode -> object (not unicode)
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    *arrays_and_dtypes : list of arrays and dtypes
+        The dtype is extracted from both numpy and dask arrays.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    numpy.dtype for the result.
+    """
+    types = {np.result_type(t).type for t in arrays_and_dtypes}
+
+    for left, right in PROMOTE_TO_OBJECT:
+        if any(issubclass(t, left) for t in types) and any(
+            issubclass(t, right) for t in types
+        ):
+            return np.dtype(object)
+
+    return np.result_type(*arrays_and_dtypes)

xarray/namedarray/utils.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import importlib
 import sys
+from collections.abc import Hashable
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Final, Protocol, TypeVar
 
@@ -134,3 +135,29 @@ def to_0d_object_array(
     result = np.empty((), dtype=object)
     result[()] = value
     return result
+
+
+class ReprObject:
+    """Object that prints as the given value, for use with sentinel values."""
+
+    __slots__ = ("_value",)
+
+    _value: str
+
+    def __init__(self, value: str):
+        self._value = value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return self._value
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: ReprObject | Any) -> bool:
+        # TODO: What type can other be? ArrayLike?
+        return self._value == other._value if isinstance(other, ReprObject) else False
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((type(self), self._value))
+
+    def __dask_tokenize__(self) -> Hashable:
+        from dask.base import normalize_token
+
+        return normalize_token((type(self), self._value))  # type: ignore[no-any-return]