Move from Colab to jupyterlite for tutorials

[tpike3]

What's the problem this feature will solve?
Google Colab requires a gmail account jupyterlite does not. Would be better to transition tutorials to jupyterlite

Describe the solution you'd like
Jupyterlite button replaces google colab button

Additional context
make it easier for users to access tutorial

[rht]

Using Colab is very common in AI. I would provide both, instead of migrating to just one of them.

[catherinedevlin]

I'm seeing three ways we could host the examples with jupyterlite. Thinking out loud:

1. Set up a github-pages to host them, and link to them there. This is a pretty well-paved path, I think. It means adding a new element to the project, though. I think I could edit our CI pipeline to publish the notebooks from docs/tutorials to it.

2. Use jupyterlite-sphinx with the pyiodide kernel, so the notebooks can run directly from readthedocs. I have this working locally, but the pyiodide doesn't let you pre-install dependencies. I'd have to add a %pip install mesa cell at the top of each notebook, for JupyterLite users (only) to run. (Perhaps in the future this omission in pyiodide will be fixed?)

3. Use jupyterlite-sphinx with the xeus kernel. This does let you define dependencies that should run without any special user action, but I am going through the pains of Hell trying to get make html work once jupyterlite-xeus is installed. It seems to expect and insist on conda being installed and used for the project? If I ever find a solution to get the docs to build, that may involve imposing extra requirements on anybody else building our docs, and I don't like that. UPDATE: I don't think this one can work at all. jupyterlite-xeus tries to download from https://repo.mamba.pm/emscripten-forge and https://repo.mamba.pm/conda-forge, and neither of them have tornado, which is a Mesa dependency.

Feedback on which of these three imperfect courses is least imperfect?

[catherinedevlin]

After spending way too long wrestling with both xeus and Github Pages, I realized that our notebooks already include Google Colab already require running a %pip install, so I should not flinch from solution #2.

[catherinedevlin]

This might not be possible currently. We have at least one dependency that has no pure-python wheel in PyPI, and thus can't be loaded with micropip. It's not a pure-python package (watchdog, a dependency of solara, has some C).

ValueError: Can't find a pure Python 3 wheel for 'watchdog; extra == "dev"'.
See: [](https://pyodide.org/en/stable/usage/faq.html#why-can-t-micropip-find-a-pure-python-wheel-for-a-package)
You can use `await micropip.install(..., keep_going=True)` to get a list of all packages with missing wheels.

https://pyodide.org/en/stable/usage/faq.html#why-can-t-micropip-find-a-pure-python-wheel-for-a-package

[catherinedevlin]

Also checked whether Pyscript can run watchdog.

Uncaught (in promise) PythonError: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/lib/python3.11/site-packages/micropip/_commands/install.py", line 146, in install
    raise ValueError(
ValueError: Can't find a pure Python 3 wheel for: 'watchdog'
See: https://pyodide.org/en/stable/usage/faq.html#why-can-t-micropip-find-a-pure-python-wheel-for-a-package