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Setting up your first project

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Salman Alshamrani edited this page Oct 5, 2024 · 36 revisions

This tutorial will show you how to create a new project integrating osu-framework from scratch. It is not meant to be a guide for contributing to the osu-framework project itself.

Getting started

Creating a new project

To get started, a custom osu! game base project has been made available as a template pack in the .NET command line interface. Using this template, it is possible to quickly and easily generate a new project using osu-framework as a starting point for creating your own game.

  1. In your command line utility of choice, navigate to the folder in which you want to create the project.

  2. Make sure the osu-framework project template is downloaded by running dotnet new install ppy.osu.Framework.Templates.

  3. Run dotnet new osu-framework-game -n <MyNewProjectName> to generate a new folder containing the project.

    Warning Do not use spaces or hyphens in your project name. This does not play nice with the templating system.

  4. Open the folder, and open MyNewProjectName.sln to begin!

In addition to the osu-framework-game template, a template named osu-framework-flappy-game is also available which serves as an example of creating a basic, but feature complete game with osu-framework.

Project structure

When you open the solution file, you'll notice that there are three build projects inside it:

  • MyNewProject.Game: The main project that integrates with osu-framework and allows you to extend it by adding your own classes. All of your game specific logic should be implemented in this project.
  • MyNewProject.Desktop: As opposed to mobile devices, the Desktop project provides all of the system mechanisms and resources necessary to successfully run the project on desktop platforms. Separating this project from the Game project allows flexibility in supporting multiple platforms, such as mobile.
  • MyNewProject.Game.Tests: This project allows you to write and test the logic and UI of your project. It allows access to the Test Browser, which is a separate visual testing framework that will allow you to test your UI elements and other visuals.

Game logic

If you open up MyNewProjectName.Game/MyNewProjectNameGame.cs, you'll see the class responsible for some basic game logic. It inherits from the osu.Framework.Game super-class and by default, implements a basic screen stack setup:

namespace MyNewProjectName.Game
{
    public partial class MyNewProjectNameGame : MyNewProjectNameGameBase
    {
        private ScreenStack screenStack;

        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
        private void load()
        {
            // Add your top-level game components here.
            // A screen stack and sample screen has been provided for convenience, but you can replace it if you don't want to use screens.
            Child = screenStack = new ScreenStack { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both };
        }

        protected override void LoadComplete()
        {
            base.LoadComplete();

            screenStack.Push(new MainScreen());
        }
    }
}

The main (and only) screen contains a spinning box visual:

namespace MyNewProjectName.Game
{
    public partial class MainScreen : Screen
    {
        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
        private void load()
        {
            InternalChildren = new Drawable[]
            {
                new Box
                {
                    Colour = Color4.Violet,
                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both,
                },
                new SpriteText
                {
                    Y = 20,
                    Text = "Main Screen",
                    Anchor = Anchor.TopCentre,
                    Origin = Anchor.TopCentre,
                    Font = FontUsage.Default.With(size: 40)
                },
                new SpinningBox
                {
                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                }
            };
        }
    }
}

Platform specific logic

The logic needed to begin execution of the game is located in MyNewProjectName.Desktop/Program.cs:

namespace MyNewProjectName.Desktop
{
    public static class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            using (GameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost(@"MyNewProjectName"))
            using (osu.Framework.Game game = new MyNewProjectNameGame())
                host.Run(game);
        }
    }
}

Testing

The test browser

osu-framework includes a visual testing framework that helps provide tests that can be verified both visually and systematically via NUnit. When running the tests project, a utility called the test browser will collect all of your tests, and present them in an executable that presents all of the tests in a list.

The pre-generated project will feature an example test class in MyNewProjectName.Game.Tests/Visual/TestSceneMyNewProjectNameGame.cs.

In order for your test browser to discover tests, you will need to specify a namespace in which for the browser to look in when constructing it:

    public partial class MyNewProjectNameTestBrowser : MyNewProjectNameGameBase
    {
        protected override void LoadComplete()
        {
            base.LoadComplete();

            AddRange(new Drawable[]
            {
                new TestBrowser("MyNewProjectName"), // <- see namespace specification here
                new CursorContainer()
            });
        }

        // rest of class omitted for brevity
    }
}

Below is an example of a visual test that displays MyNewProjectNameGame in full inside the test browser:

namespace MyNewProject.Game.Tests.Visual
{
    public partial class TestSceneMyNewProjectNameGame : TestScene
    {
        private MyNewProjectNameGame game;

        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
        private void load(GameHost host)
        {
            game = new MyNewProjectNameGame();
            game.SetHost(host);

            AddGame(game);
        }
    }
}

Note that in order for you to be able to run the visual tests, you will have to switch your run configuration to the visual tests project. The solution template will generate the setup code necessary for this in MyNewProjectName.Game.Tests/Program.cs.

namespace MyNewProjectName.Game.Tests
{
    public static class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            using (GameHost host = Host.GetSuitableDesktopHost("visual-tests"))
            using (var game = new MyNewProjectNameTestBrowser())
                host.Run(game);
        }
    }
}

Adding tests to the Test Browser

Now that our Test Browser is discovering tests from the specified namespace, we can start adding tests! To do so, create a new class that derives TestScene with the TestFixture attribute. From here, we can add steps to this test of various types. For information on what types of steps are available, please refer to Dynamic Compilation and Visual Testing.

Example Test

The following code adds a simple cube to the visual test browser that we created above. The cube has a rigid body attached, and should drop to the bottom of the screen when created. From here, we can choose to check the behavior of the cube by asserting that the cube eventually reaches the bottom via AddAssert().

namespace AwesomeGame.VisualTests
{
    [TestFixture]
    public class RigidCubeTest : TestScene
    {
        private RigidBodySimulation sim = null!;
        
        [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
        private void load()
        {
             // Set up the simulation once before any tests are ran
             Child = sim = new RigidBodySimulation { RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.Both };
        }

        [Test]
        public void AwesomeTestName()
        {
            AddStep("Drop a cube", performDropCube);
        }

        private void performDropCube()
        {
            // Add a new cube to the simulation
            RigidBodyContainer<Drawable> rbc = new RigidBodyContainer<Drawable>
            {
                Child = new Box
                {
                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
                    Size = new Vector2(150, 150),
                    Colour = Color4.Tomato,
                },
                Position = new Vector2(500, 500),
                Size = new Vector2(200, 200),
                Rotation =  45,
                Colour = Color4.Tomato,
                Masking = true,
            };
            
            sim.Add(rbc);
        }
    }
}

Appendix

SetUp attribute

The SetUp NUnit attribute marks a method as a setup method that runs as a step before every group of tests in a test method. The steps created by this attribute get added to the visual test browser as well.

BackgroundDependencyLoader attribute

The BackgroundDependencyLoader attribute denotes a method to be the load method of a Drawable. You can specify a type in the method parameters to attempt to grab an object of that type that has been cached.

Further reading

Getting Started

Development

Testing

Debugging and Logging

Understanding Framework Internals

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