tablecodec: fix the issue that decoding an index value might panic (#53034)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #53034

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #47115

Problem Summary: decoding an index value with large padding size might panic, because the padding size is:

• encoded via: types.NewUintDatum(paddingSize) => encodeUint
• decoded via decodeRestoredValuesV5 => rd.DecodeToBytesNoHandle => rd.encodeOldDatum(IntFlag) => codec.EncodeVarint(buf, decodeInt(raw)) because the field type is not marked as unsigned in buildRestoredColumn.

What changed and how does it work?

Set unsigned flag to the field type correctly.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[cfzjywxk]

@zyguan Please resolve the conflicts

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Please upload report for BASE (release-7.5@7ece220). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             release-7.5     #53446   +/-   ##
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  Coverage               ?   72.4241%           
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  Lines                  ?     414884           
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  Hits                   ?     300476           
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Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	72.4241% <100.0000%> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	53.9913% <0.0000%> (?)
parser	∅ <0.0000%> (?)
br	53.5007% <0.0000%> (?)

[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-05-27 13:21:41.277844708 +0000 UTC m=+2696255.034980281: ☑️ agreed by crazycs520.
• 2024-05-27 13:34:03.104699988 +0000 UTC m=+2696996.861835556: ☑️ agreed by MyonKeminta.

[zyguan]

/merge

[ti-chi-bot]

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[zyguan]

/approve

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: cfzjywxk, crazycs520, MyonKeminta, zyguan

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Needs approval from an approver in each of these files:

• OWNERS [MyonKeminta,cfzjywxk,crazycs520,zyguan]
• pkg/table/OWNERS [cfzjywxk]
• pkg/tablecodec/OWNERS [cfzjywxk]

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