freebsd-commands

sbz's FreeBSD commands cheat-sheet

Mount commands

• Mount MS-DOS file system (USB-stick, external FAT32 drive)

sudo mount_msdosfs [-o large] /dev/ad0s1 /mnt

• Mount ISO 9660 using memory disk

sudo mount -t cd9660 /dev/`mdconfig -f <image.iso>` /mnt

• Mount Linux procfs

sudo mkdir -p /proc
sudo mount -t procfs proc /proc

• Mount Linux linprocfs

sudo mkdir -p /compat/linux/proc
sudo mount -t linprocfs linproc /compat/linux/proc

• Mount file descriptor fs

sudo mount -t fdescfs fdesc /dev/fd

Update commands

• Perform FreeBSD binary upgrade

sudo freebsd-update fetch
sudo freebsd-update upgrade -r <release>
sudo freebsd-update install

Pkg commands

• Update packages databases from repository

sudo pkg update
sudo pkg [-d] update

• Upgrade packages to new version

sudo pkg upgrade [-f]

• Update vuln.xml database

sudo pkg audit -F

• Is installed?

pkg info|grep <pkg>

• Display package information

pkg info <pkg>
pkg show <pkg>

• Lock package to current version and Display locked packages

pkg lock <pkg>
pkg lock -l

• Clean local cache

sudo pkg clean -y

• Display packages stats

pkg stats

• Found the package installing the file:

pkg which /usr/local/bin/vim

• Found the file if package is not installed:

sudo pkg install pkg-provides
sudo pkg provides -uf
pkg provides /path/to/binary

Network commands

• TCP open sockets (LISTEN, ESTABLISHED, CLOSE_WAIT)

sudo netstat -p tcp -an
sudo sockstat -P tcp -a

Also refer to dtrace tcp script into /usr/share/dtrace

cd /usr/share/dtrace
sudo tcpconn
sudo tcpdebug
sudo tcpstate
sudo tcptrack

Kernel modules commands

• List loaded kernel modules

sudo kldstat [-v]

• Load Kernel module (HW thermal sensors)

sudo kldload <module>
sudo kldload coretemp

• Generate hints for the boot loader

sudo kldxref [v] /boot/kernel /boot/modules
sudo kldxref -R /boot

• Dump running kernel config

sysctl -n kern.conftxt
config -x /boot/kernel/kernel

Ports commands

• Update and extract snapshot

sudo mkdir -p /usr/ports
sudo portsnap fetch extract

• Looking for a port in the tree

cd /usr/ports/*/*/<portname>
make -C /usr/ports search name=<portname>
make -C /usr/ports search name=<portname> display=name,path
psearch <portname>

• Display port variables

make -C /usr/ports/editor/vim -V MAINTAINER -V PORTVERSION
make -C /usr/ports/editor/vim -V WRKSRC -V WRKDIR

• Fetch distfile(s)

cd /usr/ports/editor/vim && make fetch extract
cd work

• Regenerate distfile(s) info hash

make -C /usr/ports/editor/vim makesum

• Alter KNOB/Options config

make -C /usr/ports/editor/vim showconfig
make -C /usr/ports/editor/vim config

Src commands

• List /usr/src Makefile targets

grep '^# [a-z].*- [A-Z].*' /usr/src/Makefile | sed 's,^# ,,' | sort

• Enter into userland binary utility (e.g ls) sources code folder

cd `where -sq ls`

Poudriere commands

• Create jail

sudo poudriere jail -c -j <jail> -v 12.1-RELEASE -a <arch> -M ftp -p <ptree>
sudo poudriere jail -c -j 12amd64 -v 12.1-RELEASE -a amd64 -M ftp -p portsdir

• Delete jail

sudo poudriere jail -d -j <jail> -C all
sudo poudriere jail -d -j 12amd64 -C all

• List jail(s)

sudo poudriere jail -l
sudo poudriere jail -l [-n] [-q]

• Upgrade jail

sudo poudriere jail -u -j <jail>
sudo poudriere jail -u -j <jail> -t 12.1

• List ports tree

sudo poudriere ports -l
sudo poudriere ports -l [-n] [-q]

• Test port build

sudo poudriere testport -o <origin>/<port> -p portsdir -n # dry run
sudo poudriere testport -o editor/vim -p portsdir -v # verbose

Developer commands

• Get sources

svn checkout [-q] https://svn.freebsd.org/base/head ~/svn/src
svn checkout [-q] svn://svn.freebsd.org/base/head ~/svn/src
svn checkout [-q] svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head ~/svn/src
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd.git src

For specific 12.x release:

svn co [-q] svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/releng/12.1 ~/svn/src-12

• Get ports

svn checkout [-q] https://svn.freebsd.org/ports/head ~/svn/ports
svn checkout [-q] svn://svn.freebsd.org/ports/head ~/svn/ports
svn checkout [-q] svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/ports/head ~/svn/ports
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-ports/git ports

Wireless commands

• Restart wireless network

sudo service wpa_supplicant restart wlan0

• List Wireless devices

sysctl net.wlan.devices

• Debug wireless stack

sudo sysctl debug.iwi=1
sudo sysctl hw.wi.debug=1
sudo sysctl net.wlan.debug=1

Build commands

• World and Kernel build

cd /usr/src
sudo nice -n -20 make -j`sysctl -n hw.ncpu` -DNO_CLEAN -DKERNFAST buildworld buildkernel | tee -a build.log

• Install Kernel (debug)

cd /usr/src
sudo make installworld installkernel
sudo make installkernel.debug

• Update etc configs

sudo etcupdate
sudo mergemaster -ui

Hardware commands

• PCI devices

sudo pciconf -vl

sudo pkg install pciutils
sudo lspci [-v]

• USB devices

sudo usbconfig list
sudo usbconfig dump_all_desc

sudo pkg install usbutils
sudo lsusb [-v]

• Sounds devices

sudo cat /dev/sndstat
sudo sysctl dev.pcm

• CPU Info

sudo dmesg
sudo dmesg | sed -n '/^CPU:/,/^real/p'
sudo sysctl hw.model hw.ncpu

Memory commands

• Virtual memory

vmstat -c 1
sysctl hw.realmem hw.physmem
top -bt 0

• Process memory mappings

procstat vm <pid>
cat /proc/<pid>/map
cat /compat/linux/proc/<pid>/maps

IO commands

• Device read/write IO stats

iostat [-x]
iostat -x -w 1 # watch mode