docs(linter): Update no-plusplus rule to expose documentation for config options

[connorshea]

This results in the following configuration text in the documentation for this rule:

## Configuration

This rule accepts a configuration object with the following properties:

### allowForLoopAfterthoughts

type: `boolean`

default: `false`

Whether to allow `++` and `--` in for loop afterthoughts.

Part of #14743.

[graphite-app]

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[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR updates the no-plusplus linter rule to automatically generate configuration documentation from the code structure rather than manually maintaining it in comments.

Key Changes:

• Added JSON schema support to the NoPlusplus struct for automatic config documentation generation
• Removed manually written configuration documentation from the rule's docstring

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[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #14837 will not alter performance

_{Comparing connorshea:no-plusplus-docs (29b6fed) with main (7a420a1)}

Summary

✅ 4 untouched
⏩ 33 skipped¹

Footnotes

1. 33 benchmarks were skipped, so the baseline results were used instead. If they were deleted from the codebase, click here and archive them to remove them from the performance reports. ↩

[camc314]

Thank you!