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bundler: keep the CommonJS wrapper when code holds a lifted module's default import as a value - #42569
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…default import as a value Since #41162 the default import of a lifted CommonJS module is a namespace object with a getter and a setter per export. Object.defineProperty, delete and Object.freeze on that object do not reach the lifted bindings, so reads through the import and the module's own reads disagreed with Node. The parser now marks an import that some use holds as a value: any use other than a read, call or assignment of one of its properties, or a destructuring declaration. delete counts as holding it. The linker keeps the __commonJS wrapper for a lifted module whose default import is marked or re-exported, as bun 1.4.0 did for every default import. Property-only code such as React.useState() stays lifted.
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Status: fix pushed, waiting for CI. How to reproduce (empty directory, no network): printf 'exports.x = 1;\nexports.y = 2;\n' > lib.cjs
printf 'exports.z = 3;\n' > cfg.cjs
cat > entry.mjs <<'EOF'
import lib from "./lib.cjs";
import cfg from "./cfg.cjs";
Object.defineProperty(lib, "x", { value: 65, writable: true, enumerable: true, configurable: true });
console.log("defineProperty ->", lib.x);
console.log("delete ->", delete lib.y, lib.y, "y" in lib);
Object.freeze(cfg);
try { cfg.z = 66; } catch {}
console.log("write to frozen ->", cfg.z, Object.isFrozen(cfg));
EOF
bun entry.mjs
bun build entry.mjs --target=bun --outfile=out.mjs && bun out.mjs
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Included review availability: Your plan provides up to 10 included reviews per hour; 1 remains after this review. WalkthroughThe change tracks import usage and preserves CommonJS wrappers when default imports require the real ChangesCommonJS default import interop
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Suggested reviewers: Priority: ➖ Normal Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to The change preserves CommonJS object behavior for default imports used as values while retaining lifted property access behavior. No actionable merge risk remains. 🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
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In `@src/bundler/linker_context/scanImportsAndExports.rs`:
- Around line 89-95: Update the wrapper-propagation traversal in the surrounding
import/export scanning function to use a per-invocation visited set for cycle
termination. Mark each file visited when traversed, and remove the
`is_wrapped`/`WrapKind::Cjs` condition that skips already-wrapped non-root
files, so lifted dependencies such as `B`’s `C` are still propagated and wrapped
correctly.
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📒 Files selected for processing (10)
docs/bundler/index.mdxsrc/ast/symbol.rssrc/bundler/linker_context/scanImportsAndExports.rssrc/js_parser/fold.rssrc/js_parser/p.rssrc/js_parser/parser.rssrc/js_parser/visit/mod.rssrc/js_parser/visit/visit_expr.rstest/bundler/bundler_cjs.test.tstest/bundler/bundler_cjs2esm.test.ts
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…ed list The walk used the wrapper state of a file to stop. A file that another path had wrapped would then hide the lifted files behind it. The test now has a chain of three files and checks that no namespace object is left.
… the file behind module.exports = require()
emitDecoratorMetadata passes the import itself to Reflect.metadata and
builds the identifier outside the visitor, so it sets the flag itself.
The walk that also wrapped the target of a lifted
module.exports = require("./impl") printed
module.exports = __toESM(require_impl()). The getters of that object are
not configurable, so Object.defineProperty on the default import of
react-dom threw. Without the walk the wrapped file assigns the namespace
object of ./impl, as 1.4.0 did, and every read goes through that object.
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Updated 2:10 PM PT - Sep 13th, 2026
✅ @robobun, your commit b9ce20b9444510f0b65003fba9a0d62a1db2127f passed in 🧪 To try this PR locally: bunx bun-pr 42569That installs a local version of the PR into your bun-42569 --bun |
…default import as a value (oven-sh#42569) ### Problem - Since oven-sh#41162 (1.4.1), `import lib from "./lib.cjs"` of a lifted CommonJS module is a namespace object with a getter and a setter per export. `Object.defineProperty(lib, "x", ...)` and `delete lib.y` change that object, but `lib.x` reads the lifted `$x` binding. A write after `Object.freeze(lib)` still runs the setter. - Node, `bun run` and 1.4.0 print `defineProperty -> 65`, `delete -> true undefined false`, `write to frozen -> 3 true`. The bundle prints `1`, `true 2 false`, `66 true`. - Source: a fuzz ledger that compares bundles with `bun run`. No user issue reports this. ### Fix - The parser sets a new symbol flag, `import_used_as_value`, on an import that some use holds as a value. Exempt: a read, call or assignment of a property (`X.a`, `X[k]`, `X.a = 1`) and a destructuring declaration. `delete X.a` counts. - Step 1 of `scan_imports_and_exports` keeps the `__commonJS` wrapper of a lifted module when a default import of it has the flag or is re-exported. The importer gets the real `module.exports`, as in 1.4.0. - `React.useState()` and `React.x = y` stay lifted: react 18.3.1 `--production --minify` is 1423 bytes, same as main. With `Object.keys(React)` it is 7219 bytes (main 7794). - Verified: `test/bundler/bundler_cjs2esm.test.ts` (11 new cases fail on main), plus the suites in the Notes. ### Background - Lifting turns `exports.foo = x` into `var $foo = x` plus an ES module export. - The namespace object `exports_lib` stands in for `module.exports`. `__exportCjs` (oven-sh#41182) gives it a getter and a setter per export. - `defineProperty` and `delete` only replace or remove the accessor. A frozen accessor still calls its setter. - Step 1 picks the CommonJS files before imports are matched, so it has parser facts only. A re-export counts as held. <details><summary>Notes</summary> Output for the report's repro is now byte-identical to what 1.4.0 emits (`var import_lib = __toESM(require_lib(), 1); Object.defineProperty(import_lib.default, "x", ...)`). How the flag is computed: `e_dot` and `e_index` visit their target with `ExprIn::is_property_access_target` (false for a delete target), `visit_decls` does the same for the initializer of an object pattern, and `handle_identifier` sets the flag when it turns an identifier into an `EImportIdentifier` without it. Two places build an import identifier outside the visitor and pass the bit themselves: the classic JSX factory (`React.createElement`) and `emitDecoratorMetadata` (`design:type` gets the import itself, so it sets the flag). Dead control flow does not set the flag. The flag is per file: a use in a part that tree shaking later removes still counts. Routes to `module.exports` of a module that stays lifted that this PR does not close. 1.4.0 kept the wrapper for every default import, so when the bundle also has a static default import of the module, these gave the real object in 1.4.0 and give the namespace object here: - `this` in a method call. `lib.self()` with `exports.self = function () { return this; }` still gets the namespace object (oven-sh#41162 chose that for `this._helper()` style code). - `(await import(m)).default`, same chunk or split. - `ns.default` on `import * as ns` (new in 1.4.1, oven-sh#41820 reworks it). `require()` of a lifted module outside the react family already keeps the wrapper. A react-family file of the shape `sideEffect(); module.exports = require("./impl")` (react-dom/index.js) is lifted to `export * from "./impl"`. When it keeps its wrapper it prints `module.exports = exports_impl`, the namespace object of `./impl`, as 1.4.0 did. Every read then goes through that object, so `defineProperty` and `delete` work (react-dom 18.3.1 `--production`: `Object.defineProperty(ReactDOM, "version", { value: "dp" })` prints `dp`, as 1.4.0 does, and main prints the old version). A write after `Object.freeze` still reaches the binding there. An earlier commit of this PR also wrapped `./impl`. That gave `module.exports = __toESM(require_impl())`, whose getters are not configurable, so `defineProperty` threw. It is reverted. The real fix for that shape is to print the raw `require_impl()` (handed off, oven-sh#35722 had the approach). oven-sh#41820 is open and edits the same step 1 lines, the same docs paragraph and the same tests. This PR is the smaller one and restores 1.4.0 output, so it is simpler to land it first and rebase oven-sh#41820. Test expectations that changed, all toward Node: - `cjs/__toESM_mixed_import_styles` is back to its expectation from before oven-sh#41162 (the namespace has a `default` key). - `ReExportDefaultAsNameFromLiftedCommonJS` and `ExportDefaultOfLiftedCommonJSDefaultImport` now keep the wrapper (a re-export can reach an importer that holds the object) and also check `Object.freeze` through the barrel. A third form, `export { React as R }`, is added. - `DefaultImportEscapingKeepsAssignmentOrder` became `DefaultImportPassedAsValueKeepsAssignmentOrder` and expects the wrapper. - Ten tests compared the default import by identity (`m.default === React`) or passed it to `Object.keys`. They now compare a property (`m.default.useState === React.useState`) so that they keep testing the lifted path. Suites run with the debug build: `bundler_cjs2esm`, `bundler_cjs`, `esbuild/importstar`, `esbuild/importstar_ts`, `esbuild/default`, `esbuild/dce`, `esbuild/splitting`, `esbuild/packagejson`, `esbuild/ts`, `bundler_splitting`, `bundler_edgecase`, `bundler_jsx`, `bundler_npm`, `bundler_barrel`, `bundler_minify`, `bundler_browser`, `bundler_bun`, `bundler_plugin`, `bundler_loader`, `bundler_string`, `bundler_promiseall_deadcode`, `transpiler/transpiler`, `regression/issue/03844`, `bun-build-api` (two bytecode stress tests time out at 5 s under the debug build, they bundle no imports). </details> <!-- robobun:evidence:begin --> --- **[human-review]** gate passed · iteration 0 · 10 files touched <details><summary>fails on main (without fix)</summary> ```console ASAN without fix: 12 FAILED $ BUN_DEBUG_QUIET_LOGS=1 bun scripts/build.ts --profile=debug --quiet test "--reporter=junit" "--reporter-outfile=/tmp/pr_gate.xml" test/bundler/bundler_cjs.test.ts "test/bundler/bundler_cjs2esm.test.ts" bun test v1.4.3 (b993710) test/bundler/bundler_cjs2esm.test.ts: (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsFunction [1254.52ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ImportNamedFromExportStarCJSModuleRef [548.64ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ImportNamedFromExportStarCJS [554.77ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/BadNamedImportNamedReExportedFromCommonJS [472.17ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ExportsFunction [398.00ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsFunctionTreeShaking [505.22ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequire [490.55ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequireEntryPoint [561.72ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequireEntryPointImportedByEntryPoint [617.95ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequireEntryPointImportedByEntryPointSplitting [686.37ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequireTwoEntryPoints [551.89ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsBasedOnNodeEnvProduction [704.70ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExp ... (truncated) release without fix: 12 FAILED bun test v1.4.3-canary.1 (b993710) test/bundler/bundler_cjs2esm.test.ts: (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsFunction [29.48ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ImportNamedFromExportStarCJSModuleRef [14.24ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ImportNamedFromExportStarCJS [13.88ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/BadNamedImportNamedReExportedFromCommonJS [13.68ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ExportsFunction [14.09ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsFunctionTreeShaking [13.74ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequire [13.08ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequireEntryPoint [16.07ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequireEntryPointImportedByEntryPoint [17.11ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequireEntryPointImportedByEntryPointSplitting [15.81ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequireTwoEntryPoints [15.04ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsBasedOnNodeEnvProduction [17.65ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsBasedOnNodeEnvDevelopment [15.90ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRuntimeCondition [16.27ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/UnwrappedModuleRequireAssigned [15.69ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/Unwrap ... (truncated) ``` </details> <details><summary>passes on PR (with fix)</summary> ```console ASAN with fix: all passed $ BUN_DEBUG_QUIET_LOGS=1 bun scripts/build.ts --profile=debug --quiet test "--reporter=junit" "--reporter-outfile=/tmp/pr_gate.xml" test/bundler/bundler_cjs.test.ts "test/bundler/bundler_cjs2esm.test.ts" bun test v1.4.3 (b993710) test/bundler/bundler_cjs2esm.test.ts: (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsFunction [1115.42ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ImportNamedFromExportStarCJSModuleRef [521.71ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ImportNamedFromExportStarCJS [536.01ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/BadNamedImportNamedReExportedFromCommonJS [594.49ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ExportsFunction [501.50ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsFunctionTreeShaking [632.29ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequire [418.24ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequireEntryPoint [456.28ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequireEntryPointImportedByEntryPoint [591.53ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequireEntryPointImportedByEntryPointSplitting [603.73ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsEqualsRequireTwoEntryPoints [546.68ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExportsBasedOnNodeEnvProduction [667.62ms] (pass) bundler > cjs2esm/ModuleExp ... (truncated) release with fix: all passed $ bun scripts/build.ts --profile=release [configured] bun-profile → bun (stripped) target linux-x64-gnu build type Release build dir ./build/release revision b9ce20b features baseline 23 deps, 131 codegen, 1176 objects in 676ms ninja: Entering directory `/workspace/bun/build/release' [1/1248] install /workspace/bun bun install v1.4.3-canary.1 (b993710) Checked 22 installs across 61 packages (no changes) [14.00ms] [2/1248] gen ErrorCode+*.h [3/1248] gen bindgenv2 [4/1248] install /workspace/bun/packages/bun-error bun install v1.4.3-canary.1 (b993710) Checked 1 install across 2 packages (no changes) [2.00ms] [5/1248] install /workspace/bun/src/node-fallbacks bun install v1.4.3-canary.1 (b993710) Checked 111 installs across 104 packages (no changes) [5.00ms] [6/1248] fetch zlib [zlib] up to date [7/1248] gen node-fallbacks/react-refresh.js Bundled 1 module in 10ms react-refresh.js 4.81 KB (entry point) [8/1248] fetch libjpeg-turbo [libjpeg-turbo] up to date [9/1248] fetch tinycc [tinycc] up to date [10/1247] gen .bind.ts → GeneratedBindings.cpp [11/1247] gen bake.{client,server,error}.js -> bake.client.js, bake.serve ... (truncated) ``` </details> <details><summary>diff hotspot</summary> ``` docs/bundler/index.mdx | 2 +- src/ast/symbol.rs | 4 + .../linker_context/scanImportsAndExports.rs | 28 +- src/js_parser/fold.rs | 3 + src/js_parser/p.rs | 19 +- src/js_parser/parser.rs | 14 + src/js_parser/visit/mod.rs | 2 + src/js_parser/visit/visit_expr.rs | 18 +- test/bundler/bundler_cjs.test.ts | 8 +- test/bundler/bundler_cjs2esm.test.ts | 318 +++++++++++++++------ 10 files changed, 318 insertions(+), 98 deletions(-) ``` </details> **gate history** · 1 passed · 0 rejected · iteration 0 <details><summary>evidence per changed file</summary> ``` file reads edits tests docs/bundler/index.mdx 2 2 25 src/ast/symbol.rs 1 2 25 src/bundler/linker_context/scanImportsAndExports.rs 6 10 25 src/js_parser/fold.rs 1 1 25 src/js_parser/p.rs 7 6 25 src/js_parser/parser.rs 2 4 25 src/js_parser/visit/mod.rs 1 1 25 src/js_parser/visit/visit_expr.rs 5 3 25 test/bundler/bundler_cjs.test.ts 1 2 9 test/bundler/bundler_cjs2esm.test.ts 11 18 20 ``` </details> <!-- robobun:evidence:end -->
Problem
import lib from "./lib.cjs"of a lifted CommonJS module is a namespace object with a getter and a setter per export.Object.defineProperty(lib, "x", ...)anddelete lib.ychange that object, butlib.xreads the lifted$xbinding. A write afterObject.freeze(lib)still runs the setter.bun runand 1.4.0 printdefineProperty -> 65,delete -> true undefined false,write to frozen -> 3 true. The bundle prints1,true 2 false,66 true.bun run. No user issue reports this.Fix
import_used_as_value, on an import that some use holds as a value. Exempt: a read, call or assignment of a property (X.a,X[k],X.a = 1) and a destructuring declaration.delete X.acounts.scan_imports_and_exportskeeps the__commonJSwrapper of a lifted module when a default import of it has the flag or is re-exported. The importer gets the realmodule.exports, as in 1.4.0.React.useState()andReact.x = ystay lifted: react 18.3.1--production --minifyis 1423 bytes, same as main. WithObject.keys(React)it is 7219 bytes (main 7794).test/bundler/bundler_cjs2esm.test.ts(11 new cases fail on main), plus the suites in the Notes.Background
exports.foo = xintovar $foo = xplus an ES module export.exports_libstands in formodule.exports.__exportCjs(bundler: writes through a lifted CommonJS module's namespace assign the bindings #41182) gives it a getter and a setter per export.definePropertyanddeleteonly replace or remove the accessor. A frozen accessor still calls its setter.Notes
Output for the report's repro is now byte-identical to what 1.4.0 emits (
var import_lib = __toESM(require_lib(), 1); Object.defineProperty(import_lib.default, "x", ...)).How the flag is computed:
e_dotande_indexvisit their target withExprIn::is_property_access_target(false for a delete target),visit_declsdoes the same for the initializer of an object pattern, andhandle_identifiersets the flag when it turns an identifier into anEImportIdentifierwithout it. Two places build an import identifier outside the visitor and pass the bit themselves: the classic JSX factory (React.createElement) andemitDecoratorMetadata(design:typegets the import itself, so it sets the flag). Dead control flow does not set the flag. The flag is per file: a use in a part that tree shaking later removes still counts.Routes to
module.exportsof a module that stays lifted that this PR does not close. 1.4.0 kept the wrapper for every default import, so when the bundle also has a static default import of the module, these gave the real object in 1.4.0 and give the namespace object here:thisin a method call.lib.self()withexports.self = function () { return this; }still gets the namespace object (bundler: bind the default import of a lifted CommonJS module to its namespace #41162 chose that forthis._helper()style code).(await import(m)).default, same chunk or split.ns.defaultonimport * as ns(new in 1.4.1, bundler: giveimport *of a lifted CommonJS module its own namespace object #41820 reworks it).require()of a lifted module outside the react family already keeps the wrapper.A react-family file of the shape
sideEffect(); module.exports = require("./impl")(react-dom/index.js) is lifted toexport * from "./impl". When it keeps its wrapper it printsmodule.exports = exports_impl, the namespace object of./impl, as 1.4.0 did. Every read then goes through that object, sodefinePropertyanddeletework (react-dom 18.3.1--production:Object.defineProperty(ReactDOM, "version", { value: "dp" })printsdp, as 1.4.0 does, and main prints the old version). A write afterObject.freezestill reaches the binding there. An earlier commit of this PR also wrapped./impl. That gavemodule.exports = __toESM(require_impl()), whose getters are not configurable, sodefinePropertythrew. It is reverted. The real fix for that shape is to print the rawrequire_impl()(handed off, #35722 had the approach).#41820 is open and edits the same step 1 lines, the same docs paragraph and the same tests. This PR is the smaller one and restores 1.4.0 output, so it is simpler to land it first and rebase #41820.
Test expectations that changed, all toward Node:
cjs/__toESM_mixed_import_stylesis back to its expectation from before bundler: bind the default import of a lifted CommonJS module to its namespace #41162 (the namespace has adefaultkey).ReExportDefaultAsNameFromLiftedCommonJSandExportDefaultOfLiftedCommonJSDefaultImportnow keep the wrapper (a re-export can reach an importer that holds the object) and also checkObject.freezethrough the barrel. A third form,export { React as R }, is added.DefaultImportEscapingKeepsAssignmentOrderbecameDefaultImportPassedAsValueKeepsAssignmentOrderand expects the wrapper.m.default === React) or passed it toObject.keys. They now compare a property (m.default.useState === React.useState) so that they keep testing the lifted path.Suites run with the debug build:
bundler_cjs2esm,bundler_cjs,esbuild/importstar,esbuild/importstar_ts,esbuild/default,esbuild/dce,esbuild/splitting,esbuild/packagejson,esbuild/ts,bundler_splitting,bundler_edgecase,bundler_jsx,bundler_npm,bundler_barrel,bundler_minify,bundler_browser,bundler_bun,bundler_plugin,bundler_loader,bundler_string,bundler_promiseall_deadcode,transpiler/transpiler,regression/issue/03844,bun-build-api(two bytecode stress tests time out at 5 s under the debug build, they bundle no imports).[human-review] gate passed · iteration 0 · 10 files touched
fails on main (without fix)
passes on PR (with fix)
diff hotspot
gate history · 1 passed · 0 rejected · iteration 0
evidence per changed file