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shell: pathname-expand each brace variant instead of appending the patterns - #33423

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@robobun robobun commented Jul 6, 2026 •

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Repro

// d1/f1, d1/f2, d2/f3 exist
await Bun.$`printf '%s\n' {d1,d2}/*`;
bash: d1/f1  d1/f2  d2/f3
bun:  d1/*  d2/*  d2/f3  d1/f1  d1/f2     <- the un-expanded patterns are extra argv words

Every command receives the pattern text as additional arguments: rm {tmp,cache}/* also gets the literal tmp/* and cache/*, and a tool that creates its arguments creates files named tmp/*.

Cause

do_brace_expand in src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs pushed each brace variant straight to argv, then transitioned to Glob and globbed the original pattern (bun's glob matcher understands brace groups, so it found the matches too). Result: literal variants plus matches.

Brace expansion precedes pathname expansion, and each resulting word is globbed on its own. {aa*,b} is not one glob: aa* is a pattern, b is a plain word that never reaches the walker.

Fix

The variants are parked in brace_words, and a new BraceWords state expands them one at a time, in order: a variant carrying a literal * is globbed and replaced by its matches, any other variant is already the final word. A no-match variant follows the rule bun already applies to a single glob word (error outside assignments, literal inside them), so the message now names the expanded word (no matches found: nope/*) rather than {d1,nope}/*.

After brace expansion the word's meta_offsets no longer line up, and those offsets are what neutralize_glob_metachars uses to tell a * written in the template from a * that arrived via ${...} interpolation. Each literal * is therefore tagged with a marker byte through the brace lexer and decoded back per variant; data bytes equal to the marker are doubled, so the encoding round-trips any input.

Verification

bun bd test test/js/bun/shell/ — the brace + glob composition tests in test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts asserted the old output (expect(words).toContain("src/*.ts")) and now assert the exact word list. Five tests cover it, all failing on main:

command before after (= bash)
echo {d1,d2}/* d1/* d2/* d2/f3 d1/f1 d1/f2 d1/f1 d1/f2 d2/f3
echo src/*.{ts,tsx} src/*.ts src/*.tsx src/app.ts src/util.tsx src/app.ts src/util.tsx
echo {a*,nope} a* nope aa ab nope aa ab nope
echo *{1,2} *1 *2 d1 d2 d1 d2
echo {d1,nope}/* d1/* nope/* d1/f1 d1/f2 bun: no matches found: nope/*

Interpolation stays data: echo {a,b}${"*"}.txt still yields the literal words a*.txt b*.txt, and the interpolated values cannot inject glob syntax suite in bunshell.test.ts passes unchanged.

Glob result ordering (bun does not sort matches) and bash's {a* unmatched-brace handling are separate pre-existing divergences, untouched here.

Rebase notes

Rebased onto main after #34856 (comma-less {x} is literal), #34865, #34882, #36165, #36184 and #37921 landed in the same two files. One conflict needed a real decision, not a textual merge.

#34856 added a count == 0 path to do_brace_expand: when the lexer demotes every group to literal text, the word is emitted unchanged via vec![current_out.clone()]. Auto-merge combined that with this PR's tag encoding, so the untagged word would have gone through decode_brace_word, come out with no metacharacter offsets, and had its template * neutralized. The resolution hands the unchanged word on with its original meta_offsets instead of round-tripping it. I checked this by building the auto-merged version: it fails main's own test "a word with a comma-less brace group and a glob keeps its pattern", and the resolved version passes it. A second test pins the path from this side (template * globs, interpolated * stays data).

New fields and the BraceWord struct use pub(crate) to match the visibility pass in #36184.

While doing this I found that the brace lexer and the glob matcher now disagree about a comma-less {x} (the lexer says literal, the matcher still reads a one-branch group, so echo {x},*.txt matches x,a.txt). That predates this PR and is fixed separately in #39634. The test "a zero-variant word with a matching glob emits only the matches" documents the current matcher reading on purpose. If #39634 lands first, its two fixtures become {x},a.txt and {x},b.txt and the expected list changes to match; nothing else in this PR depends on the order.

Verified on the rebased tree: brace.test.ts 48 pass, 6 of them fail with src/ reverted to main; brace.test.ts + bunshell.test.ts together 472 pass, 0 fail.


[review] gate passed · iteration 2 · 2 files touched

fails on main (without fix)
ASAN without fix: 8 FAILED
$ BUN_DEBUG_QUIET_LOGS=1 bun scripts/build.ts --profile=debug --quiet test "--reporter=junit" "--reporter-outfile=/tmp/mechgate.xml" test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts
bun test v1.4.1 (4448a2e21)

test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts:
(pass) $.braces > no-op [1.89ms]
(pass) $.braces > 2 [1.97ms]
(pass) $.braces > 3 [1.84ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested [1.64ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested 2 [1.98ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested sibling product [1.78ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested sibling product with surrounding text [1.42ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested sibling product mixed with variants [1.98ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested sibling product triple [1.74ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,a{,}b} [1.77ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{a,}}z [0.60ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{,a}}z [0.47ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{,}}z [0.43ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > a{b,c{d,}}e [0.45ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > a{b,c{,d}}e [0.43ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{a,,b}} [0.46ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{a,b,}} [0.43ms]
(pass) $.braces > nest
... (truncated)

release without fix: 8 FAILED
bun test v1.4.0-canary.1 (4448a2e21)

test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts:
(pass) $.braces > no-op [0.05ms]
(pass) $.braces > 2 [0.05ms]
(pass) $.braces > 3 [0.02ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested [0.06ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested 2 [0.03ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested sibling product [0.02ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested sibling product with surrounding text [0.01ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested sibling product mixed with variants [0.02ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested sibling product triple [0.02ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,a{,}b} [0.02ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{a,}}z [0.01ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{,a}}z [0.01ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{,}}z
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > a{b,c{d,}}e
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > a{b,c{,d}}e
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{a,,b}}
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{a,b,}}
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {{a,},x}
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > p{q,{r,}{s,}}t
(pass) $.braces > very deeply nested [0.04ms]
(pass) $.braces > literal outer group around hundreds of nest
... (truncated)
passes on PR (with fix)
ASAN with fix: all passed
$ BUN_DEBUG_QUIET_LOGS=1 bun scripts/build.ts --profile=debug --quiet test "--reporter=junit" "--reporter-outfile=/tmp/mechgate.xml" test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts
bun test v1.4.1 (4448a2e21)

test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts:
(pass) $.braces > no-op [1.87ms]
(pass) $.braces > 2 [1.92ms]
(pass) $.braces > 3 [1.91ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested [1.64ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested 2 [2.00ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested sibling product [1.78ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested sibling product with surrounding text [1.41ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested sibling product mixed with variants [2.01ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested sibling product triple [1.75ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,a{,}b} [1.80ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{a,}}z [0.63ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{,a}}z [0.45ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{,}}z [0.45ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > a{b,c{d,}}e [0.43ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > a{b,c{,d}}e [0.46ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{a,,b}} [0.44ms]
(pass) $.braces > nested with empty variant > {x,{a,b,}} [0.45ms]
(pass) $.braces > nest
... (truncated)

release with fix: all passed
$ bun scripts/build.ts --profile=release
[configured] bun-profile → bun (stripped)
  target       linux-x64-gnu
  build type   Release
  build dir    ./build/release
  revision     3bc4773198
  features     baseline

23 deps, 129 codegen, 1172 objects in 720ms

ninja: Entering directory `/workspace/bun/build/release'
[1/1244] install /workspace/bun
bun install v1.4.0-canary.1 (4448a2e21)

Checked 26 installs across 63 packages (no changes) [9.00ms]
[2/1244] install /workspace/bun/packages/bun-error
bun install v1.4.0-canary.1 (4448a2e21)

Checked 1 install across 2 packages (no changes) [1.00ms]
[3/1244] gen bindgenv2
[4/1244] fetch tinycc
[tinycc] up to date
[5/1243] gen ErrorCode+*.h
[6/1243] install /workspace/bun/src/node-fallbacks
bun install v1.4.0-canary.1 (4448a2e21)

Checked 111 installs across 104 packages (no changes) [8.00ms]
[7/1243] gen .bind.ts → GeneratedBindings.cpp
[8/1243] gen ProcessBindingConstants.lut.h
Generating /workspace/bun/build/release/codegen/ProcessBindingConstants.lut.h from /workspace/bun/src/jsc/bindings/ProcessBindingConstants.cpp
[9/1243] fetch zlib
[zlib] up to date
[10/1243] fetch libjpeg-turbo
[libjpeg-turbo] up to date
[11
... (truncated)
diff hotspot
src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs | 125 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts       | 122 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 194 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)

gate history · 3 passed · 0 rejected · iteration 2

evidence per changed file
file                                   reads  edits  tests
src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs      9     29      0
test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts            7      9      0

@coderabbitai

coderabbitai Bot commented Jul 6, 2026 •

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Review Change Stack

Walkthrough

Expansion.rs now stages brace variants in a new BraceWords state. It preserves literal glob metacharacters with META_TAG and applies pathname globbing to each variant. Shell tests now assert exact normalized outputs for brace-plus-glob cases and interpolated metacharacters.

Changes

Brace + Glob Staged Expansion

Layer / File(s) Summary
BraceWords state and data shapes
src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs
Adds pending-variant storage, the BraceWords state, the BraceWord type, the META_TAG constant, and initialization for the staging fields.
Brace expansion encoding and staging
src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs
Encodes literal glob markers during brace parsing, handles zero-result expansion, and stages decoded variants for later processing.
Sequential glob-walking of brace variants
src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs
Processes each staged variant, resumes after glob matches and assignment-context no-match handling, and clears staged data during deinitialization.
Brace and glob composition test coverage
test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts
Adds deterministic exact-output checks for literal variants, no-match behavior, interpolated metacharacters, and comma-less brace groups.

Suggested reviewers: jarred-sumner

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: pathname expansion now runs independently for each brace variant.
Description check ✅ Passed The description explains the cause, fix, behavior, edge cases, and verification results in sufficient detail.

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@github-actions github-actions Bot added the claude label Jul 6, 2026
@robobun

robobun commented Jul 6, 2026 •

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Updated 12:29 AM PT - Aug 23rd, 2026

❌ @robobun, your commit 3bc4773 has 1 failures in Build #103995 (All Failures):


🧪   To try this PR locally:

bunx bun-pr 33423

That installs a local version of the PR into your bun-33423 executable, so you can run:

bun-33423 --bun

@robobun

robobun commented Jul 6, 2026

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@coderabbitai review

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✅ Action performed

Review finished.

Note: CodeRabbit is an incremental review system and does not re-review already reviewed commits. This command is applicable only when automatic reviews are paused.

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Actionable comments posted: 2

Caution

Some comments are outside the diff and can’t be posted inline due to platform limitations.

⚠️ Outside diff range comments (2)
test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts (2)

86-138: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Consider describe.concurrent/test.concurrent for these subprocess+fs tests.

Each test here spawns a shell subprocess via $ and creates a tempDir, but the suite runs sequentially.

As per coding guidelines: "Prefer concurrent tests over sequential tests: When multiple tests in the same file spawn processes or write files, make them concurrent with test.concurrent or describe.concurrent unless it's very difficult to make them concurrent."

♻️ Suggested change
-describe("brace + glob composition", () => {
+describe.concurrent("brace + glob composition", () => {
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.

In `@test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts` around lines 86 - 138, The brace + glob
suite is still running sequentially even though each case only uses its own
tempDir and a shell subprocess via $. Update the outer describe and/or each test
in brace.test.ts to use describe.concurrent or test.concurrent so these
filesystem/process tests can run in parallel, keeping the existing assertions
and helper words unchanged.

Source: Coding guidelines


127-138: 🎯 Functional Correctness | 🟡 Minor | ⚡ Quick win

Add a brace-variant test for interpolated *. brace.test.ts covers interpolated comma handling and a literal * branch, but not interpolated data containing * inside a brace variant. Add a direct case here to lock down the neutralize_glob_metachars path.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.

In `@test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts` around lines 127 - 138, The brace handling
tests in brace.test.ts should also cover an interpolated wildcard branch: add a
new case in the existing brace group tests, alongside the current interpolated
comma and literal branch checks, that passes interpolated data containing *
through the same shell interpolation path used by $ and verifies it is treated
as a literal brace variant rather than a glob. Use the existing test structure
and helpers (tempDir, $`echo ...`, words, expect) to keep the new assertion
close to the current brace-related coverage and exercise the
neutralize_glob_metachars path directly.
🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.

Inline comments:
In `@src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs`:
- Around line 335-349: The brace escaping logic in Expansion::escaped handling
is incomplete because ShellCharIter::read_char does not currently treat \{, \},
and \, as escaped brace syntax, so those characters can still be interpreted by
do_brace_expand. Update the escape handling in the expansion path so backslashes
are preserved for brace-related characters and the brace lexer receives them as
literals, using the existing Expansion::escaped loop and
ShellCharIter::read_char as the key locations to adjust.

In `@test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts`:
- Around line 120-126: The no-match brace glob test in brace.test.ts only checks
stderr and exitCode, so it can miss regressions where stdout still contains
partial expansion output. Update the existing “a variant with no matches reports
the expanded word” test around the $`echo {d1,nope}/*` call to also capture and
assert that stdout is empty, alongside the current stderr and exitCode checks.

---

Outside diff comments:
In `@test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts`:
- Around line 86-138: The brace + glob suite is still running sequentially even
though each case only uses its own tempDir and a shell subprocess via $. Update
the outer describe and/or each test in brace.test.ts to use describe.concurrent
or test.concurrent so these filesystem/process tests can run in parallel,
keeping the existing assertions and helper words unchanged.
- Around line 127-138: The brace handling tests in brace.test.ts should also
cover an interpolated wildcard branch: add a new case in the existing brace
group tests, alongside the current interpolated comma and literal branch checks,
that passes interpolated data containing * through the same shell interpolation
path used by $ and verifies it is treated as a literal brace variant rather than
a glob. Use the existing test structure and helpers (tempDir, $`echo ...`,
words, expect) to keep the new assertion close to the current brace-related
coverage and exercise the neutralize_glob_metachars path directly.
🪄 Autofix (Beta)

Fix all unresolved CodeRabbit comments on this PR:

  • Push a commit to this branch (recommended)
  • Create a new PR with the fixes

ℹ️ Review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Path: .coderabbit.yaml

Review profile: ASSERTIVE

Plan: Pro

Run ID: 17398f6b-d306-46c0-be3d-af2dc57e7730

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 9f29e55 and 7cec82b.

📒 Files selected for processing (2)
  • src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs
  • test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts

Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs
Comment thread test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts
@robobun

robobun commented Jul 6, 2026

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Review round wrapped up. The two "outside diff range" findings were applied in ec01242 along with the inline ones, so noting them here since they had no thread to reply on:

  • The suite is now describe.concurrent. Each case owns its tempDir and passes .cwd() per command, so there is no shared state; no snapshot or beforeAll in that block either.
  • Added an interpolation case, plus a stronger sibling that pins the part of this change most likely to rot:
// a[c]1.txt, ac1.txt, b[c]2.txt exist
await $`echo {a,b}${"[c]"}*`;  // -> a[c]1.txt  b[c]2.txt

Each variant is neutralized on its own after brace expansion, so the recovered metacharacter offsets have to land on the template * and not on the interpolated [c]. If they slipped, either the * gets neutralized (no matches, the word errors) or [c] becomes a character class (ac1.txt matches). Both directions fail loudly.

Verification: reverting src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs to the base commit and rebuilding fails 6 of the 7 tests in brace + glob composition. The seventh, "an interpolated * inside a brace variant is data", passes either way by design: that word has no literal *, so it takes the pure brace path this diff does not touch. It is there as a negative contract, to catch a future change that makes interpolated data glob.

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No issues found, but this reworks the expansion state machine (new BraceWords state, META_TAG byte-encoding to carry literal-* offsets through the brace lexer, and re-entry from the async glob walker) and rewrites existing tests to assert new argv output — worth a human look at the design before merging.

Extended reasoning...

Overview

Touches src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs (state machine for shell word expansion) and test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts. The fix stops {d1,d2}/* from emitting both the literal patterns and their matches: brace variants are now parked in a new brace_words vec and pathname-expanded one at a time via a new BraceWords state. A META_TAG (0x01) byte-tagging scheme carries literal-* offsets through the brace lexer so neutralize_glob_metachars can still tell template * from interpolated * per variant. on_glob_walk_done now transitions back to BraceWords (which falls through to Done when the list is empty, so the plain-glob path is unchanged).

Security risks

None identified. Interpolated metacharacters remain neutralized (verified by the new {a,b}${"[c]"}* and {a,b}${"*"}.txt tests), and the encoding round-trips arbitrary data bytes including 0x01. No new external input surface.

Level of scrutiny

Moderate-to-high. Shell argv construction is on the hot path for every Bun.$ invocation, and this is a user-visible behavior change (the old tests asserted the buggy output and were rewritten). The change adds a state-machine node, a custom byte encoding, and a loop across an async boundary (off-thread glob walk → main-thread re-entry → next variant). I traced the encoder/decoder for the tricky cases (doubled 0x01, META_TAG adjacent to data *, lone trailing tag) and it looks correct, but the design is non-obvious enough that a maintainer should confirm it's the right shape.

Other factors

  • Both CodeRabbit threads are resolved (one withdrawn as a mis-trace, one applied in ec01242).
  • Test coverage is solid: seven cases including per-variant no-match error, literal-only variants, and interpolation staying data.
  • PR notes it overlaps with #33262 on the same two files and whichever lands second needs a rebase.
  • The {a*,nope} semantics (a variant with no metachar never reaches the walker) and per-variant no-match erroring are deliberate choices worth a maintainer nod.

@robobun

robobun commented Jul 6, 2026

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Design points flagged for a maintainer

Two deliberate semantic choices, both worth a nod before merge:

1. A variant with no glob metacharacter is a plain word and never reaches the walker. {a*,nope} expands to a* (a pattern) and nope (a word). This matches bash exactly:

$ bash -c 'echo {a*,nope}'   # files aa, ab exist
aa ab nope

If nope were globbed it would fail as a no-match, which is why the distinction has to exist.

2. A no-match variant errors, per word. This is the rule Bun already applies to a single glob word, now applied to each brace variant:

echo {d1,nope}/*
bash d1/f1 d1/f2 nope/* (keeps the literal)
zsh no matches found: nope/*
Bun, before d1/* nope/* d1/f1 d1/f2
Bun, after bun: no matches found: nope/*

Bun already errors on echo nope/*, so erroring per variant is the self-consistent option and matches zsh. Inside an assignment the existing literal fallback applies per word instead (X={d1,nope}/* gives d1/f1 nope/*). If you would rather match bash and keep the literal, that is a one-line change in on_glob_walk_done, but it would then disagree with the single-word case.

CI status

The red lanes are not this diff. Triage of build 68793:

  • test/js/bun/cookie/cookie-map.test.ts fails on all 9 red shards, and is already broken on main. Fix Bun.Cookie Expires to emit an IMF-fixdate #32926 (028f210) changed Expires to an IMF-fixdate but left four assertions on the old format, all inside describe("delete with prefixed cookie names"):

    test/js/bun/cookie/cookie-map.test.ts:435,443,452,453
    -   Expires=Fri, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
    +   Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT
    

    The received value is the correct one; the expectation is stale (and 1 Jan 1970 was a Thursday, not a Friday). Reproducible on main with bun bd test test/js/bun/cookie/cookie-map.test.ts (3 fail, 30 pass). This blocks every PR's CI until someone updates those four lines.

  • :darwin: 26 aarch64 failed on buildkite-agent artifact download timed out after 120s before running any test. The producing :darwin: aarch64 - build-bun step passed, so this is a download-side hiccup.

  • The remainder are Windows/install one-offs unrelated to word expansion: update_interactive_install, spawn-pipe-leak, pnpm, napi, hoist.

No shell, brace, or glob failure appears in any annotation, and 135 shards are green. git diff main...HEAD --stat is two files: src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs and test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts.

I have not pushed a retrigger: the cookie-map failure is deterministic, so a re-roll would come back the same. This needs the main breakage fixed (or a maintainer merge), not another build.

@robobun

robobun commented Jul 6, 2026

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Build 68793 finished, so here is the final tally to close out my earlier note (which was written while it was still running).

269 shards green, 17 red, zero shell/brace/glob failures.

failing file platforms
test/js/bun/cookie/cookie-map.test.ts 16
test/cli/update_interactive_install.test.ts 2
napi, undici-h2, pnpm, net-mongodb-pattern-leak, spawn-pipe-leak, hoist 1 each

cookie-map failing on 16 platforms rather than a single shard confirms it is deterministic, not shard flake. It is broken on main independently of this PR: #32926 switched cookie Expires to an IMF-fixdate but left four assertions on the old format, all in describe("delete with prefixed cookie names").

test/js/bun/cookie/cookie-map.test.ts:435,443,452,453
-   Expires=Fri, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+   Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT

The received value is the correct one and the expectation is stale, including the weekday (1 Jan 1970 was a Thursday). Reproduces on main with bun bd test test/js/bun/cookie/cookie-map.test.ts: 3 fail, 30 pass. Fixing those four lines should unblock CI for every open PR, not just this one.

The rest are a buildkite-agent artifact download timeout on one darwin shard plus single-platform install/leak/third-party one-offs. None of them touch word expansion, and git diff main...HEAD --stat is two files: src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs and test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts.

No retrigger pushed: the dominant failure is deterministic, so another build returns the same result. This is ready for review on the strength of the diff.

@robobun

robobun commented Aug 19, 2026

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This bug was reported again with a different repro. The new report names the same cause, do_brace_expand in src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs, which this PR replaces. The bug is still present on main at 24c0063.

The new repro uses ** (bun 1.2.23 and 1.4.0-canary.1 give the same output):

mkdir -p src/a && touch src/x.test.ts src/a/y.test.tsx
bun exec 'echo src/**/*.test.{ts,tsx}'
# bun today:  src/**/*.test.ts src/**/*.test.tsx src/x.test.ts src/a/y.test.tsx
# expected:   src/x.test.ts src/a/y.test.tsx

A package.json script such as bun test src/**/*.test.{ts,tsx} runs through the Bun shell. The command receives the two unexpanded patterns as extra arguments, in addition to the file list.

This PR no longer applies to main. The only conflict is in the Expansion struct fields: main changed meta_offsets and child_script to pub(crate). The rest of the source diff and the test file apply cleanly. A ** case in the brace + glob composition block would cover the repro above.

@robobun
robobun force-pushed the farm/52da4862/shell-brace-glob-per-word branch from ec01242 to c710199 Compare August 19, 2026 09:08
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs
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GitHub couldn't provide a complete incremental comparison for this pull request, so CodeRabbit is performing a full review instead. This review may take a little longer.

@robobun

robobun commented Aug 19, 2026

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On the comment-cop threads (17 across three pushes), so nobody has to read them one by one.

The check fires on comment length. Among the sites it flagged are the doc comment on a function that returns Option<bool> and, on the last push, a two-line comment. None of the flagged comments justifies a workaround, so there is no code to fix behind them. I used the threads as a pass over comment volume anyway. This PR's added comment lines in Expansion.rs went from 38 to 11 (fe9a3ca, e3d8037). The two facts the comments carry now have one home each:

  • the staged state machine, on the BraceWords variant (one line, including why an empty list makes the unconditional transition in on_glob_walk_done safe),
  • the tag encoding, on META_TAG.

Everything else either points at one of those or was deleted.

One comment stays at two lines on purpose. META_TAG states what the byte prefixes, why (brace expansion invalidates meta_offsets), who decodes it, and the doubling rule. Each of those saves a reader a separate hunt through the encoder and decoder, and the count == 0 branch only makes sense once you know the first two. Removing any of them would put the hunt back.

The do_brace_expand doc comment predates this PR. Its description is updated to the new behavior and otherwise left alone.

Each thread has a one-line note saying which of these applied to it, and is resolved.

Comment thread test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts
Comment thread test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts

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Actionable comments posted: 1

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Inline comments:
In `@test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts`:
- Around line 203-212: Add a brace-plus-double-asterisk glob test near the
existing brace glob cases, using a pattern such as {src,lib}/**/*.ts and nested
fixture files in both variants. Assert the exact sorted output so
decode_brace_word restores each encoded DoubleAsterisk as a recursive glob
rather than a literal or single-star pattern.
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  • src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs
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Comment thread test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts

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Additional findings (outside current diff — PR may have been updated during review):

  • 🟡 test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts:371-377 — The comment says "Brace-expand count is 0, so the word skips the tag round-trip", but {x}.*.txt has no Comma atom, so brace_expansion_hint = has_brace_open && has_brace_close && has_comma (parse.rs:1671) is false and the word goes straight to transition_to_glob_state — do_brace_expand never runs and count is never computed. The count==0 path is still pinned by the pre-existing {x},*.txt test at line 360, so there's no coverage hole; either add a Comma atom outside the braces so this pattern actually reaches count==0, or reword the comment to say the word takes the direct-glob path because has_brace_expansion() is false.

    Extended reasoning...

    What the comment claims vs. what the code does

    The test comment (lines 372-376) says:

    Brace-expand count is 0, so the word skips the tag round-trip and keeps its original metacharacter offsets.

    and the PR's rebase notes say this test "pins the path from this side" — i.e. it is meant to guard the count == 0 merge-conflict resolution inside do_brace_expand (Expansion.rs:340-354), where the untagged word is handed on with its original meta_offsets instead of being round-tripped through decode_brace_word.

    But {x}.*.txt never reaches do_brace_expand. The command-argument path builds the atom via parse_atom at src/shell_parser/parse.rs:1669-1673, which sets:

    brace_expansion_hint: has_brace_open && has_brace_close && has_comma,

    {x}.*.txt produces BraceBegin, Text("x"), BraceEnd, Text("."), Asterisk, Text(".txt") — no Comma atom — so has_comma = false and brace_expansion_hint = false. Atom::has_brace_expansion() (parse.rs:664-669) therefore returns false. (Atom::merge at parse.rs:588-643 does set the hint from BraceBegin/BraceEnd alone without a comma, but it is only called from the 'var_decl assignment-RHS path, not for ordinary command words like echo {x}.*.txt.)

    Step-by-step trace for echo {x}.*.txt

    1. parse_atom builds a Compound with brace_expansion_hint = false (no Comma), glob_hint = true (Asterisk present).
    2. Expansion::next walks the atoms, populating current_out = b"{x}.*.txt" and meta_offsets = [0, 2, 4] (BraceBegin, BraceEnd, Asterisk).
    3. After the walk, the check at Expansion.rs:275 (if atom.has_brace_expansion()) is false, so ExpansionState::BraceExpand is skipped entirely.
    4. atom.has_glob_expansion() is true, so control goes straight to transition_to_glob_state.
    5. do_brace_expand is never called; count is never computed; the count == 0 branch at Expansion.rs:340 is never reached.

    For the interpolated half, {x}.${"*"}.txt has no Comma atom and no Asterisk atom (the interpolated * is a Text atom), so both hints are false and the word takes the plain push_current_out; Done path — again never entering do_brace_expand.

    Why this test cannot detect the regression it claims to guard

    The rebase notes describe the auto-merge bug: under it, the count==0 word would have gone through decode_brace_word, come out with no metacharacter offsets, and had its template * neutralized. But that mis-handling lives inside do_brace_expand. Since {x}.*.txt never calls do_brace_expand, this test passes identically on both the fixed build and the auto-merged build — reverting the count==0 resolution does not break it. Per REVIEW.md ("confirm deleting each load-bearing clause of your fix breaks at least one test"), this test does not pin the clause its comment says it pins.

    The only test that actually reaches the count==0 branch is the pre-existing "a word with a comma-less brace group and a glob keeps its pattern" at lines 360-369, whose pattern {x},*.txt has a , outside the braces — that comma supplies the Comma atom, so has_comma = true, has_brace_expansion() = true, do_brace_expand runs, the lexer demotes {x} to text, and count == 0. So the merge-conflict resolution is guarded — just not by this test.

    Impact

    Nit: no runtime failure, no coverage gap for the load-bearing clause. The defect is a factually-wrong comment (and an unfounded coverage claim in the rebase notes). The test itself asserts valid behavior — a comma-less brace group on the direct-glob path, and interpolated * staying data on the plain-word path — so it is worth keeping; only the comment is wrong.

    How to fix

    Either:

    • Make the test do what the comment says: add a Comma atom outside the braces so the word actually enters do_brace_expand and hits count==0 — e.g. echo {x}.*.txt, or echo ,{x}.*.txt (mirroring how the existing {x},*.txt test works). Then the comment and the rebase-note claim become true.
    • Make the comment say what the test does: reword to something like "has_brace_expansion() is false (no comma), so the word goes straight to the glob walker with its original meta_offsets — the tag round-trip never runs." and drop the count==0 framing.

@robobun

robobun commented Aug 19, 2026

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The additional finding on {x}.*.txt is correct, and it was already applied in 4b20e2b, which landed while that review was running. The test now uses {x},*.txt against x,a.txt and x,b.txt, the same shape as the pre-existing no-match test above it, so it does reach the zero-variant branch. Details, including the three-way check against main and the naive merge, are in the reply on the Windows fixture thread: #33423 (comment)

@robobun

robobun commented Aug 19, 2026 •

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The brace lexer / glob matcher disagreement on a comma-less {x} noted in the description is what #32902 fixes (a shell side attempt, #39634, is closed in its favour). If #32902 lands first, the test "a comma-less brace group still globs a literal *" here needs {x}.a.txt style fixtures: echo {x}.*.txt then matches {x}.a.txt, not x.a.txt.

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I reviewed this PR and didn't find any bugs; both earlier inline findings (the Windows x.*.txt fixture and the missing ** case) are addressed in 4b20e2b. Because this rewrites the brace/glob expansion state machine and carries a user-facing semantic choice the author already flagged for a maintainer (per-variant no-match errors, zsh-style, vs bash's keep-literal), a human look is still worthwhile.

Checked: the META_TAG encode/decode round-trips data \x01 and interpolated * correctly (doubling + read+1 guard); on_glob_walk_done → BraceWords on the plain-glob path falls through to Done because brace_words is never populated; the count == 0 branch keeps the original meta_offsets rather than round-tripping, so the comma-less-group + glob test on main still passes; the new [c] / , fixture filenames are Windows-legal.

Extended reasoning...

Overview

Two files: src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs (~120 lines net) and test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts. The Rust change replaces the brace+glob composition path: instead of pushing every brace variant to argv and then globbing the original pattern (which produced both literals and matches), it stages variants in a new brace_words list and a BraceWords state globs each one that carries a literal *. A META_TAG (0x01) byte encoding carries literal-vs-interpolated * provenance through the brace expander so neutralize_glob_metachars can be applied per variant. on_glob_walk_done now unconditionally transitions to BraceWords (safe: an empty list yields None → Done).

Security risks

None identified. The change is confined to argv construction inside Bun's shell. The existing safeguard — interpolated metacharacters remain data and cannot broaden a glob — is preserved by the tag encoding and pinned by two new tests ({a,b}${"*"}.txt stays literal; {a,b}${"[c]"}* neutralizes only the interpolated part). No new external-input parsing surface.

Level of scrutiny

Medium-high. This is a control-flow rewrite of a core state machine (ExpansionState) that every shell word passes through, plus a bespoke byte-level encoding. The change is well-tested (8 new/rewritten tests, all fail on main per the author's verification), but it is neither mechanical nor obvious, and it was rebased across six other PRs with one conflict that required a real semantic decision (the count == 0 path).

Other factors

  • The author explicitly flagged two design points for a maintainer, the load-bearing one being per-variant no-match behavior: echo {d1,nope}/* now errors (no matches found: nope/*, zsh-style) instead of keeping the literal (bash-style). The choice is self-consistent with Bun's existing single-word behavior, but it is a user-visible semantic that a maintainer should confirm.
  • My two prior inline findings on this PR were both addressed in commit 4b20e2b and the threads are resolved.
  • I traced the META_TAG encoder/decoder for the edge cases the tests don't directly hit: data \x01 adjacent to a literal * (\x01\x01\x01* decodes to offset at the * only), data \x01 adjacent to data * (\x01\x01* decodes to no offset), and a trailing data \x01 (doubled by encoder, un-doubled by decoder). All round-trip correctly.
  • The unconditional BraceWords transition in on_glob_walk_done is safe for the non-brace glob path because brace_words starts empty and load_next_brace_word returns None on idx >= len.

Given the state-machine scope and the open semantic question, deferring to a human rather than approving.

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I reviewed this PR again after 4b20e2b and didn't find any bugs — both earlier findings (the Windows x.*.txt fixture and the missing ** case) are addressed, and the retargeted zero-variant test now reaches the branch it names. A maintainer look is still worthwhile: the author explicitly flagged two semantic choices for sign-off (a variant with no metacharacter never reaches the walker; a no-match variant errors per-word, zsh-style, rather than bash's keep-literal), and neither has been acknowledged yet.

What was reviewed:

  • The META_TAG encode/decode round-trip, including data 0x01 adjacent to both data and literal *, and the ** two-tag shape.
  • The BraceWords state transitions from every entry point — direct glob (empty list → Done), the count == 0 branch keeping the original meta_offsets, and on_glob_walk_done on the success / no-match / in-assign paths.
  • Fixture filenames in the new tests for Windows-reserved characters — [, ], , are all legal.
Extended reasoning...

Overview

This PR reworks how src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs composes brace expansion with pathname expansion. Instead of pushing every brace variant as a literal argv word and then globbing the original un-expanded pattern (which produced both the pattern text and the matches), it now stages the variants in a new brace_words list and drives them one at a time through a new BraceWords state — globbing each variant that carries a literal *, emitting the rest as plain words. Because brace expansion invalidates the byte offsets that distinguish a template * from an interpolated one, the PR introduces a META_TAG (0x01) prefix encoding that survives the brace lexer and is decoded back into per-variant meta_offsets. on_glob_walk_done now returns to BraceWords (which falls through to Done when the list is empty, so the non-brace glob path is unchanged). The test file gains eight new/tightened cases in brace.test.ts, including the src/**/*.test.{ts,tsx} repro from the second bug report and a retargeted zero-variant test.

Security risks

None identified. The change is confined to word-expansion ordering inside Bun's shell; it does not touch auth, network, filesystem permissions, or untrusted-input parsing beyond what the existing brace/glob machinery already handles. The META_TAG encoding is internal to do_brace_expand → decode_brace_word and cannot be injected from user input to change expansion structure (interpolated 0x01 bytes are doubled on encode and collapsed on decode; I traced the adjacency cases and they round-trip). The interpolation-stays-data invariant that neutralize_glob_metachars depends on is preserved and covered by two new tests.

Level of scrutiny

Moderate-to-high. This is a ~125-line change to a state machine in the shell interpreter, adds a new state and two new struct fields, and introduces an in-band byte encoding. It also makes a user-visible semantic decision (no-match variant errors per word, matching zsh rather than bash) that the author explicitly flagged for maintainer sign-off in the PR thread and which has not yet been acknowledged. That alone puts it outside what I should approve without a human look.

Other factors

Both findings from my previous run were addressed in 4b20e2b: the Windows-illegal x.*.txt fixture is gone (and while fixing it the author found the test wasn't reaching do_brace_expand at all, so it was retargeted to {x},*.txt), and the ** repro is now pinned verbatim with a depth-2 fixture that distinguishes it from single *. Test coverage is thorough and the PR description shows the fails-on-main / passes-on-PR gate. The remaining open item is not a code defect but the design sign-off the author asked for, plus a noted landing-order dependency on #39634 that could require a fixture change in one test.

…tterns

Brace expansion precedes pathname expansion, and each resulting word is
globbed on its own. A word combining both pushed every literal brace variant
to argv and then globbed the un-expanded pattern, so `{d1,d2}/*` handed the
command `d1/*` and `d2/*` as extra arguments alongside the real matches.

The variants are now parked in `brace_words` and expanded one at a time: a
variant carrying a literal `*` is globbed and replaced by its matches, any
other variant is already the final word. A literal `*` is tagged through the
brace lexer so each variant keeps accurate glob metacharacter offsets, which
`neutralize_glob_metachars` needs to tell template syntax from interpolated
data.
Assert the no-match word produces no stdout, run the suite concurrently, and
add two cases for interpolation: an interpolated `*` never becomes a pattern,
and a literal `*` globs a variant while an interpolated `[c]` in the same word
stays data.
The state machine was described on the field, the variant, the match arm
and the function; the tag encoding on the constant, the encoder and the
decoder. Keep one home for each and point the rest at it.
…t, add a ** case

`x.*.txt` cannot be created on Windows, which failed brace.test.ts on both
Windows lanes. Removing it also exposed that `{x}.*.txt` never reaches
do_brace_expand: the brace hint needs a comma somewhere in the word, so the
test was exercising the plain glob path. It now uses `{x},*.txt` against
`x,a.txt` and `x,b.txt`, which does reach the zero-variant branch, and it
fails if that branch either emits the literal (main) or drops the offsets
(a naive merge of the branch with the tag encoding).

The ** case is the repro from the second report of this bug. `**` records
two adjacent offsets, so it pins that both survive the encoding; a depth-2
file distinguishes ** from a single *.
@robobun
robobun force-pushed the farm/52da4862/shell-brace-glob-per-word branch from bf28e64 to 3bc4773 Compare August 23, 2026 07:02
@robobun

robobun commented Aug 23, 2026

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Status, for whoever picks this up.

The diff is complete and rebased onto current main (fb4227f). Two files: src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs and test/js/bun/shell/brace.test.ts. On this base: brace.test.ts 49 pass, 8 of them fail with Expansion.rs reverted to main; brace.test.ts + bunshell.test.ts together 473 pass. Every review thread is resolved and both bot reviewers report no findings.

CI on build 103995 is red on test/js/bun/s3/s3.test.ts across seven lanes. The failures are Cloudflare R2 answering with InternalError and a pointer to cloudflarestatus.com, so they are an outage in the external service the suite talks to, not this change, which touches nothing under s3. I have already used this PR's one retrigger on an earlier unrelated flake (the http2 WeakRef test), so I am not pushing another. Everything else in the build is green, and brace.test.ts passed on every lane, including both Windows lanes.

The one open item is the design sign-off flagged above: a no-match brace variant errors per word (zsh, and Bun's own single-word rule) rather than keeping the literal (bash). Ready to merge once someone is happy with that.

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I reviewed the current revision and found no issues — both earlier findings (the Windows x.*.txt fixture and the missing ** case) are addressed in 850e6a9. Given the state-machine rework in Expansion.rs and the two semantic choices the author already flagged for a maintainer nod (per-variant no-match erroring vs. bash's literal fallback, and non-* variants never reaching the walker), a human look is still worthwhile before merge.

What was reviewed:

  • The META_TAG encoding round-trips: data 0x01 is doubled, data * passes through un-tagged, and decode_brace_word recovers adjacent offsets for ** and for mixed template+interpolated words.
  • on_glob_walk_done → BraceWords is safe on the plain-glob path — an empty brace_words list falls straight through to Done, so single-word globs are unchanged.
  • The count == 0 branch hands on the original current_out/meta_offsets (not the tag-encoded buffer), so a demoted {x} word still globs its template *.
Extended reasoning...

Overview

The PR reworks how Bun's shell composes brace expansion with pathname expansion in src/runtime/shell/states/Expansion.rs (~125 lines changed). It adds a BraceWords state and two new fields (brace_words, brace_word_idx) to the Expansion state node, introduces a META_TAG (0x01) byte-encoding to carry literal-* positions through the brace lexer (which invalidates meta_offsets), and rewires on_glob_walk_done to re-enter BraceWords instead of Done so each variant is globbed in turn. The test file gains ~90 net lines: five exact-output tests replacing the old toContain assertions, plus new coverage for **, interpolated metacharacters, per-variant no-match, and the zero-variant (count == 0) branch.

Security risks

The security-adjacent surface is the interpolation boundary: a */[/{ arriving via ${...}, $var, or command substitution must stay data and not broaden the glob. That guarantee lives in meta_offsets + neutralize_glob_metachars, and this PR replaces the offsets after brace expansion via the tag encoding. I traced the encoding and its inverse for the relevant shapes (data 0x01, data *, template *, template **, data-0x01 adjacent to data-*) and each round-trips to the correct offsets — data bytes never gain an offset, template * always does. Two tests pin this directly ({a,b}${"*"}.txt stays literal; {a,b}${"[c]"}* globs only the template *), and the pre-existing bunshell.test.ts interpolation suite is reported passing. No injection, auth, or path-traversal surface is touched.

Level of scrutiny

Medium-high. This is a control-flow change to the shell interpreter's word-expansion state machine, not a config tweak. It changes user-visible semantics: echo {d1,nope}/* now fails with no matches found: nope/* (matching zsh and Bun's own single-word rule) where bash keeps the literal. The author explicitly flagged that choice, and the "non-* variant is a plain word" rule, for a maintainer to confirm — no maintainer has replied on the thread yet. That alone puts this outside "simple and obvious enough that a human need not look".

Other factors

  • All prior inline review threads (comment-cop, CodeRabbit, my two findings) are resolved and reflected in the current diff.
  • Test coverage is strong: exact word lists (not toContain), a ** case with depth-2 and a non-matching sibling, per-variant error path with exit code and stderr asserted, and a three-way-verified zero-variant test. Fixtures use only Windows-legal filenames.
  • I verified the plain-glob path (no brace expansion) still terminates: on_glob_walk_done now transitions to BraceWords, but with brace_words empty load_next_brace_word returns None immediately and the state falls through to Done. deinit clears the new brace_words field.
  • The count == 0 && glob_follows branch correctly reuses the original (un-encoded) current_out and meta_offsets, avoiding the naive-merge regression the rebase note describes.

Deferring rather than approving because the semantic decision on per-variant no-match handling is a maintainer call the author asked for, and ~125 lines of interpreter state-machine changes with a new in-band encoding warrant a human pass.

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