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[JSC][Temporal] Count lunisolar months in NonISODateUntil from the day span instead of walking them - #606

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@robobun robobun commented Sep 8, 2026 •

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Problem

  • Temporal.PlainDate#until / #since with largestUnit: "months" in the chinese or dangi calendar cost about 1 ms per month of span: 100 years took 1.1 s, and 0001-01-01 to 2034-02-18 (25,146 months) took 20 s of CPU in one native call. V8 answers the same calls in 0 to 3 ms.
  • The cause is the candidate loop in nonISODateUntil (Source/JavaScriptCore/runtime/temporal/core/CalendarICUBridge.cpp). surpassesMonths probed one month at a time, and for chinese/dangi each probe re-walked the year from M01 (computeFieldResolutionOrdinalMonth) to get an ordinal month: about 30 ICU field resolutions per candidate, each running ICU4C's new-moon and solar-term astronomy. hebrew and islamic-* took the same loop with cheap steps, still linear in a span that can reach 6.7 million months.
  • Making until add many months at once also exposed an ICU bug that add({ months }) already hit: since ICU 75, HebrewCalendar::add(UCAL_MONTH, n) is one month late for n >= 229 from Adar..Elul of a common year when the result lands in Tishri..Adar I (5720 Nisan 25 + 463 months gave 5758 Tishri 25, not 5757 Elul 25). Hebrew until over such spans threw RangeError or was off by one.

Fix

  • lunarMonthsBetween: for the lunisolar calendars (chinese, dangi, hebrew), take the whole-month count between the two month starts from the epoch-day span over the calendar's mean month, then confirm it with one ICU month add from the start month that must land on the target month start (a miss steps toward it, a bracket without a landing is an error). Only the candidate that reaches the target's own month depends on the day, the same rule as the existing fixed-solar closed form. The snapshot's ordinal month is now computed only where the year loop or the fixed-month paths consume it.
  • addCalendarMonths (ICU4C workaround): for hebrew, convert whole 19-year cycles (235 months) into a year add and leave ICU a remainder in [-12, 222], which cannot reach its broken fast path. Used by calendarDateAdd, the until tail and the new probe. macOS links the system ICU, so an ICU source patch would not cover it. It rides in this PR rather than a separate one because the new until path is the first caller that always adds months in bulk; without it the hebrew half of this change would be wrong.
  • Fixed-solar calendars and islamic-* keep their existing paths through surpassesMonths, which no lunisolar calendar reaches any more. islamic-* (twelve months every year) belongs with the fixed-month closed form that [JSC][Temporal] Hijri and Persian years below 1: report the real year and month lengths #598 gives it, so this PR leaves it alone and the two compose in either order.
  • Verified: new JSTests/stress/temporal-lunar-calendar-until-months-long-span.js (about 100 ms on a release jsc, with or without JIT; the old build spends minutes in the chinese part and then fails the hebrew add check) and JSTests/microbenchmarks/temporal-plain-date-until-lunar-months.js. All JSTests/stress/temporal*.js, test262 intl402/Temporal (2020 pass, the same 9 ICU-data failures as before) and the built-ins/Temporal until/since/add/subtract/round/total subsets (1134 pass) on a release jsc built against ICU 78.3.

Background

  • Temporal's CalendarDateUntil for a non-ISO calendar finds the largest number of months whose addition to the earlier date does not pass the later one ("surpass"), comparing year, then month, then the original day. JSC implements non-ISO calendars on ICU4C's UCalendar (this bridge); V8 uses icu4x, whose dates carry precomputed year data.
  • A chinese/dangi month runs from one new moon to the next. ICU4C computes month boundaries astronomically on every field resolution, and its add(UCAL_MONTH, n) already jumps n months at once through the mean synodic month. Hebrew and islamic months are arithmetic, 29 or 30 days.
  • The hebrew calendar repeats its leap-month pattern every 19 years (235 months), which is what ICU's fast path and the workaround both rely on.
Notes
  • Perf, release jsc, before -> after: chinese 50y months 486 ms -> 0.4 ms; 400y 3975 ms -> 0.3 ms; 0001-01-01..2034-02-18 20158 ms -> 0.5 ms; chinese 400y largestUnit: "years" 6.2 ms -> 2.8 ms; hebrew 400y months 48 ms -> 0.01 ms, full Temporal range 0.05 ms. islamic-* is unchanged here (400y 2.6 ms, still linear; [JSC][Temporal] Hijri and Persian years below 1: report the real year and month lengths #598 makes it a closed form). What remains for chinese (0.3 to 1.3 ms) is a handful of ICU field resolutions, each 30 to 240 us in ICU4C's ChineseCalendar.
  • Differential corpus: ~90,000 until/since results (11 calendars, both directions, months and years, day-1/day-29/day-30 endpoints, spans up to 400,000 days), plus PlainYearMonth, PlainDateTime, ZonedDateTime differences and Duration#round/total with relativeTo. Identical to the old build except hebrew forward spans of 226 months or more, where the old build threw or was off by one; an independent single-step oracle agrees with the new results (chinese, dangi, hebrew: 0 mismatches).
  • ICU add(UCAL_MONTH, n) against n single steps: chinese and dangi, every n up to 247,000 forward from -9998 and backward from +9998 (the whole range the bridge hands to ICU), 0 mismatches. hebrew with the workaround: start years across a full 19-year cycle and at both ends of Temporal's range, n up to 2500 both directions, 0 mismatches (the year-0 Kislev relabel region differs by a day in places, identically before and after).
  • The hebrew bug is in ICU 75, 76, 77, 78 and current ICU main (MONTHS_IN_CYCLE fast-forward in hebrwcal.cpp, added under ICU-22633); backward adds are not affected.
  • Seen while testing, unchanged here: ICU's IslamicCalendar civilLeapYear() uses a truncating %, so every negative islamic year reports a 30-day M12 and a 355-day year. That is what [JSC][Temporal] Hijri and Persian years below 1: report the real year and month lengths #598 fixes.
  • No bugs.webkit.org or ICU ticket is filed from here (no accounts); the ICU4C-WORKAROUND comment describes the HebrewCalendar::add fast-forward precisely enough to file one, and the ICU code is unchanged on ICU main as of this week.
  • Upstream WebKit main has the identical pre-change file.

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Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between dfd6964 and 1baab80.

📒 Files selected for processing (3)
  • JSTests/microbenchmarks/temporal-plain-date-until-lunar-months.js
  • JSTests/stress/temporal-lunar-calendar-until-months-long-span.js
  • Source/JavaScriptCore/runtime/temporal/core/CalendarICUBridge.cpp

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Walkthrough

JavaScriptCore updates lunar-calendar month addition and until calculations. New benchmarks and stress tests cover Chinese, Dangi, Hebrew, and Islamic calendars across long spans, reverse operations, round trips, and month-end cases.

Changes

Temporal lunar month calculations

Layer / File(s) Summary
Calendar month addition
Source/JavaScriptCore/runtime/temporal/core/CalendarICUBridge.cpp
Large positive Hebrew offsets use 19-year cycles with bounded remainders. Lunar month application uses the shared month-addition helper.
Lunar until calculation
Source/JavaScriptCore/runtime/temporal/core/CalendarICUBridge.cpp
nonISODateUntil estimates lunar month differences from month starts, validates bounded ICU probes, and conditionally computes ordinal month data. Fixed-solar calendars retain native month advancement.
Lunar regression coverage
JSTests/microbenchmarks/temporal-plain-date-until-lunar-months.js, JSTests/stress/temporal-lunar-calendar-until-months-long-span.js
Tests cover round trips, reverse calculations, month-end clamping, Hebrew leap months, and long spans across Chinese, Dangi, Hebrew, and Islamic calendars.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Merge Risk: 🟡 Moderate · up to 1baab

The Hebrew long-span stress assertions may perform roughly 49,000 ICU month operations, risking slow runs or timeouts on slower bots; this should be resolved or explicitly accepted before merge.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly identifies the primary change: optimizing lunisolar month counting in Temporal non-ISO date differences.
Description check ✅ Passed The description is detailed and on-topic. It explains the problem, implementation, ICU workaround, affected calendars, testing, performance results, and changed files. It omits the formal Bugzilla lin…

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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Comment thread JSTests/stress/temporal-lunar-calendar-until-months-long-span.js
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1baab80e autobuild-preview-pr-606-1baab80e 2026-09-09 20:03:48 UTC
cd3f8469 autobuild-preview-pr-606-cd3f8469 2026-09-09 11:31:27 UTC
5040c89c autobuild-preview-pr-606-5040c89c 2026-09-08 22:54:26 UTC

@robobun

robobun commented Sep 9, 2026

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Heads-up on overlap with #598 (Hijri and Persian years below 1). That PR moves islamic-civil / islamic-tbla / islamic-umalqura onto the direct-construction path the fixed-solar calendars use (renamed calendarHasFixedMonths, fixedMonthsInYear, setFixedMonthCalendarToYearMonth, fixedMonthDateAdd), so for them until with largestUnit: "months" is already the O(1) closed form and ucal_add(UCAL_MONTH / UCAL_EXTENDED_YEAR) is no longer used: ICU4C's month length for Hijri years <= -2 is wrong (truncating % in civilLeapYear()), and Calendar::add pins DAY_OF_MONTH against it, which lands a month late (-4-12-30 + P1Y gave -2-01-30). Whichever of the two lands second needs a rebase: on top of #598, lunarMonthsBetween / meanLunarMonthDays would cover chinese, dangi and hebrew only, and surpassesFixedSolarMonths becomes the fixed-month variant that also serves the Hijri calendars. The hebrew addCalendarMonths workaround and the chinese/dangi speedup are independent of #598.

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@robobun robobun changed the title [JSC][Temporal] Count lunar-calendar months in NonISODateUntil from the day span instead of walking them [JSC][Temporal] Count lunisolar months in NonISODateUntil from the day span instead of walking them Sep 9, 2026

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Code review completed

Nothing new to post: everything this review found is already covered by existing comments on this pull request or didn't merit a separate one.

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Actionable comments posted: 1

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Inline comments:
In `@JSTests/stress/temporal-lunar-calendar-until-months-long-span.js`:
- Around line 114-115: Update the Hebrew long-span cases in checkDifference to
avoid the default single-step month calculation, following the existing
longSpans pattern used for Chinese and Dangi. Add pinned expected month counts
for both Hebrew pairs so coverage remains intact while preventing per-month ICU
operations.

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  • JSTests/microbenchmarks/temporal-plain-date-until-lunar-months.js
  • JSTests/stress/temporal-lunar-calendar-until-months-long-span.js
  • Source/JavaScriptCore/runtime/temporal/core/CalendarICUBridge.cpp

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Comment thread JSTests/stress/temporal-lunar-calendar-until-months-long-span.js Outdated
robobun added a commit to oven-sh/bun that referenced this pull request Sep 9, 2026
…y span instead of walking them

PlainDate#until and #since with largestUnit "months" in the chinese or
dangi calendar cost about 1 ms per month of span: 1.1 s for a century,
20 s for 0001-01-01 to 2034-02-18, all in one native call on the JS
thread. NonISODateUntil probed one candidate month at a time, and each
probe re-walked the chinese year from M01 to find the ordinal month,
about 30 ICU field resolutions with new-moon and solar-term astronomy
behind each. hebrew took the same loop with cheap steps, still linear
in a span that Temporal allows to reach 6.7 million months.

For the lunisolar calendars (chinese, dangi, hebrew), whose months are
all 29 or 30 days, lunarMonthsBetween now takes the count of whole
months between the two month starts from the epoch-day span over the
calendar's mean month, and confirms it by adding that many months in
ICU from the start month and landing on the target month start. Month
starts never stray from the mean by anything near half a month, so the
first probe lands; a probe that misses steps toward the target, and a
bracket without a landing is an error. Every candidate short of the
target's month stays below it and every one past it surpasses, so this
count decides all candidates but the target's own month, which
surpasses only on the day, the same rule the fixed-solar closed form in
this function already uses. The count no longer needs the ordinal month
of either endpoint, which for chinese/dangi is itself a month walk, so
the snapshot computes it only for the year loop and the fixed-month
paths. Fixed-solar calendars and islamic-* keep their paths through
surpassesMonths, which no lunisolar calendar reaches any more.

chinese 100 years of months: 1120 ms -> 0.3 ms. 0001-01-01 to
2034-02-18: 20 s -> 0.5 ms. Results are unchanged: a differential corpus
of ~90,000 until/since results over eleven calendars matches the old
build except for the hebrew case below, and ICU's add(UCAL_MONTH, n)
was checked against n single steps for chinese and dangi across the
whole +-10000-year range the bridge gives to ICU.

The new path adds many months at once for hebrew too, which ran into an
ICU bug that calendarDateAdd and the old until tail already hit: since
ICU 75, HebrewCalendar::add(UCAL_MONTH, n > 0) fast-forwards whole
19-year cycles by taking multiples of 235 off a month total kept in
UCAL_MONTH slots, where the empty Adar I slot of a common year counts
too. From Adar..Elul of a common year, a result in Tishri..Adar I lands
one month late (5720 Nisan 25 + 463 months gave 5758 Tishri 25 instead
of 5757 Elul 25), so add({ months }) was wrong and until() threw or was
off by one for hebrew spans over 19 years. addCalendarMonths takes the
whole cycles as a year add, where the month slot and its leap status
carry over exactly, and leaves ICU a remainder in [-12, 222] that cannot
reach the fast path. macOS links the system ICU, so patching the bundled
ICU source would not have covered it.

Tests: JSTests/stress/temporal-lunar-calendar-until-months-long-span.js
       JSTests/microbenchmarks/temporal-plain-date-until-lunar-months.js

* Source/JavaScriptCore/runtime/temporal/core/CalendarICUBridge.cpp:
(JSC::TemporalCore::addCalendarMonths):
(JSC::TemporalCore::calendarDateAdd):
(JSC::TemporalCore::surpassesMonths):
(JSC::TemporalCore::meanLunarMonthDays):
(JSC::TemporalCore::lunarMonthsBetween):
(JSC::TemporalCore::nonISODateUntil):
* JSTests/stress/temporal-lunar-calendar-until-months-long-span.js: Added.
* JSTests/microbenchmarks/temporal-plain-date-until-lunar-months.js: Added.
@robobun
robobun force-pushed the robobun/706b4843/temporal-lunar-until-months branch from cd3f846 to 1baab80 Compare September 9, 2026 19:32
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Code review found no issues

No high-confidence issues detected in this change.

robobun added a commit to oven-sh/bun that referenced this pull request Sep 9, 2026
…med to the 200 ms budget; no engine change from cd3f8469)
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