fix: tweak the format of the verifiable credential JWT

[hperl]

This PR implements the following tweaks to the format of the JWT:

• The JWT should have an exp claim.
• The JWT should have an nbf claim in addition to iat (OK if these are the same)
• The top-level sub would have to be the did:jwk value. But it's OK to have the real sub if it's inside credentialSubject.
• The aud claim should be deleted, since it represents the intended verifier, not the client to whom the VC is issued. (An important difference from normal OIDC is that these are different!) In the Webex case, it's OK, since the app issuing the VC is the same as the app verifying it. But that's not true in general.
• The UserInfo claims (email, email_verified, updated_at) should be inside vc.credentialSubject.

---

For reference, an example JWT VC looks like this:

eyJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Imh5ZHJhLm9wZW5pZC5pZC10b2tlbiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.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.q8KBPvqBTQgO5_mkoGYklPg-0GDm1hJo9xMtU2rrYLKUzRWPAMqdjEHuVztrA9dYhB_qXtIa8cylA19bD508pw

which decodes to the following claims:

{
  "exp": 1692793888,
  "iat": 1692790288,
  "iss": "http://127.0.0.1:59123",
  "jti": "af638a83-4f57-47c4-b7e3-0921cb8422ba",
  "nbf": 1692790288,
  "sub": "did:jwk:eyJrdHkiOiJFQyIsImNydiI6IlAtMjU2IiwiYWxnIjoiRVMyNTYiLCJ4IjoiSGxFQWdCNmRienJ0aFR5NGxlbUljRVR6ZEdad3JPMzRYYmtuaEN0VjEwayIsInkiOiJiYUtvOXc3RVZZZ0F2eVpYX21EemhEaHdVdXNYVzM3RkRKNm1VTWhYMkpZIn0",
  "vc": {
    "@context": [
      "https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1"
    ],
    "credentialSubject": {
      "bar": "baz",
      "email": "[email protected]",
      "id": "did:jwk:eyJrdHkiOiJFQyIsImNydiI6IlAtMjU2IiwiYWxnIjoiRVMyNTYiLCJ4IjoiSGxFQWdCNmRienJ0aFR5NGxlbUljRVR6ZEdad3JPMzRYYmtuaEN0VjEwayIsInkiOiJiYUtvOXc3RVZZZ0F2eVpYX21EemhEaHdVdXNYVzM3RkRKNm1VTWhYMkpZIn0",
      "sid": "2cb8d6b7-fe42-4238-89db-8a53f3a41e8e",
      "sub": "aeneas-rekkas"
    },
    "type": [
      "VerifiableCredential",
      "UserInfoCredential"
    ]
  }
}

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #3614 (d1922a5) into master (ad8a4ba) will decrease coverage by 0.05%.
Report is 2 commits behind head on master.
The diff coverage is 75.00%.

❗ Current head d1922a5 differs from pull request most recent head ef5429a. Consider uploading reports for the commit ef5429a to get more accurate results

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #3614      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   76.22%   76.17%   -0.05%     
==========================================
  Files         132      133       +1     
  Lines       10009    10037      +28     
==========================================
+ Hits         7629     7646      +17     
- Misses       1860     1868       +8     
- Partials      520      523       +3     

Files Changed	Coverage Δ
oauth2/verifiable_credentials.go	45.45% <45.45%> (ø)
oauth2/handler.go	67.94% <88.00%> (+0.52%)	⬆️

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes