refactor!: modernize exceptions

[shizhMSFT]

What this PR does / why we need it

• Modernize all exception classes with latest dotnet / C# features.
• Move related exceptions class to match the same package structure as oras-go.
• Remove unused exceptionss
• Introduce ResponseException to parse server error responses

Which issue(s) this PR resolves / fixes

Resolve partially #91

Please check the following list

• Does the affected code have corresponding tests, e.g. unit test, E2E test?
• Does this change require a documentation update?
• Does this introduce breaking changes that would require an announcement or bumping the major version?
• Do all new files have an appropriate license header?

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 28 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (cca9526) 70.93% compared to head (c35e717) 80.15%.

Files	Patch %	Lines
...s/Registry/Remote/HttpResponseMessageExtensions.cs	42.85%	6 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
...sProject.Oras/Registry/Remote/ResponseException.cs	74.07%	3 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️
.../OrasProject.Oras/Registry/Remote/ManifestStore.cs	42.85%	2 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
src/OrasProject.Oras/Registry/Remote/BlobStore.cs	25.00%	1 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
src/OrasProject.Oras/Content/MemoryStorage.cs	60.00%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
src/OrasProject.Oras/Registry/Remote/UriFactory.cs	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
src/OrasProject.Oras/Content/Extensions.cs	66.66%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/OrasProject.Oras/Registry/Remote/Repository.cs	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main      #98      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   70.93%   80.15%   +9.22%     
==========================================
  Files          33       30       -3     
  Lines         922      897      -25     
  Branches      105      108       +3     
==========================================
+ Hits          654      719      +65     
+ Misses        215      124      -91     
- Partials       53       54       +1     

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[Wwwsylvia]

LGTM