refactor(sdk-node): Use tree-shakeable string constants for semconv

[JohannesHuster]

Which problem is this PR solving?

Updates #4567

Short description of the changes

Replace deprecated imports from @opentelemetry/semantic-conventions with new (tree-shakeable) string constants for package @opentelemetry/sdk-node. What I did:

• Search for “@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions” in package path.
  • Add new imports and check that new and old strings match exactly.
  • Use new imports and remove old ones.
• I also copy/pasted a change from chore(resources): update deprecated semconv to use exported strings #4755, because the functions (and the files as well) had the same behavior before.
  • One of these files seems to have been copy/pasted at some time and some functions in this file (like assertCloudResource aren't used at all in this package. I didn't investigate any further or try to make additional changes, since I don't know the history behind it, but I'm happy to clean up some more in another PR, if that is wanted.

Type of change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue) (refactor)

How Has This Been Tested?

• npm test

Checklist:

• Followed the style guidelines of this project
• Unit tests have been added
  • No new functionality
• Documentation has been updated