feat: add support to forward args in context.with

[Flarna]

Which problem is this PR solving?

fixes #1870

Short description of the changes

Allow to pass receiver and arguments via context.with() to the passed function similar as in zone.js and AsyncLocalStorage.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #1883 (326bce7) into main (cacbbdc) will decrease coverage by 0.28%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1883      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   92.72%   92.43%   -0.29%     
==========================================
  Files         172      155      -17     
  Lines        5963     5038     -925     
  Branches     1268     1072     -196     
==========================================
- Hits         5529     4657     -872     
+ Misses        434      381      -53     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...sync-hooks/src/AbstractAsyncHooksContextManager.ts	98.11% <ø> (ø)
packages/opentelemetry-api/src/api/context.ts	93.75% <100.00%> (+6.65%)	⬆️
...ontext-async-hooks/src/AsyncHooksContextManager.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...async-hooks/src/AsyncLocalStorageContextManager.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...entelemetry-context-base/src/NoopContextManager.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...s/opentelemetry-instrumentation-fetch/src/fetch.ts
...emetry-instrumentation-xml-http-request/src/xhr.ts
...mentation-xml-http-request/src/enums/EventNames.ts
...-instrumentation-fetch/src/enums/AttributeNames.ts
...rumentation/src/platform/browser/old/autoLoader.ts
... and 11 more

[dyladan]

Maybe in a follow up we can change the places where it is used. I think there are a lot of places that do something like:

context.with(ctx, () => somefn(arg1));

[Flarna]

I updated this PR to allow also to specify the receiver (see #1870 (comment)).

Besides that type checking should be better now.

Would be nice if you could take a look again.

[obecny]

lgtm, one question

[obecny]

shouldn't the cb be a type of F ?

[Flarna]

cb is F | OmitThisParameter<F> but this._asyncLocalStorage.run() requires (...args: any[]) => ReturnType<F>.

Typescript tells then

Argument of type 'F | OmitThisParameter<F>' is not assignable to parameter of type '(...args: any[]) => ReturnType<F>'.
  Type 'F' is not assignable to type '(...args: any[]) => ReturnType<F>'.
    Type '(...args: A) => ReturnType<F>' is not assignable to type '(...args: any[]) => ReturnType<F>'.
      Types of parameters 'args' and 'args' are incompatible.
        Type 'any[]' is not assignable to type 'A'.
          'any[]' is assignable to the constraint of type 'A', but 'A' could be instantiated with a different subtype of constraint 'unknown[]'.

I tried a little to avoid casting but I was not able to get typescript happy. Must likely because it assumes that our function gets called with unsupported arguments.
I could replace any by as (...args: unknown[]) => ReturnType<F> but in the end it just longer and harder to read.