sdk/log: Add FilterProcessor and EnabledParameters

[pellared]

Per #6271 (comment)

We agreed that we can move FilterProcessor directly to sdk/log as Logs SDK does not look to be stabilized soon.

• Add the possibility to filter based on the resource and scope which is available for the SDK. The scope information is the most important as it gives the possibility to e.g. filter out logs emitted for a given logger. Thus e.g. Add min_severity to LoggerConfig opentelemetry-specification#4364 is not necessary. See OTEP: Logger.Enabled opentelemetry-specification#4290 (comment) for more context.
• It is going be an example for Add Enabled to LogRecordProcessor opentelemetry-specification#4363

There is a little overhead (IMO totally acceptable) because of data transformation. Most importantly, there is no new heap allocation.

goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log
cpu: 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13800H
                 │   old.txt   │                 new.txt                  │
                 │   sec/op    │     sec/op      vs base                  │
LoggerEnabled-20   4.589n ± 1%   319.750n ± 16%  +6867.75% (p=0.000 n=10)

                 │   old.txt    │             new.txt             │
                 │     B/op     │     B/op       vs base          │
LoggerEnabled-20   0.000Ki ± 0%   1.093Ki ± 13%  ? (p=0.000 n=10)

                 │  old.txt   │            new.txt             │
                 │ allocs/op  │ allocs/op   vs base            │
LoggerEnabled-20   0.000 ± 0%   0.000 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
¹ all samples are equal

Logger.Enabled is still more efficient than Logger.Emit (benchmarks from #6315).

goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log
cpu: 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13800H
BenchmarkLoggerEmit/5_attributes-20               559934              2391 ns/op           39088 B/op          1 allocs/op
BenchmarkLoggerEmit/10_attributes-20             1000000              5910 ns/op           49483 B/op          5 allocs/op
BenchmarkLoggerEnabled-20                        1605697               968.7 ns/op          1272 B/op          0 allocs/op
PASS
ok      go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log        10.789s

Prior art:

• [dependency] sdk/log/xlog: Add FilterProcessor and EnabledParameters #6271
• [reflect] sdk/log/xlog: Add FilterProcessor and EnabledParameters #6286

I also created for tracking purposes:

• Stabilize LogRecordProcessor.Enabled #6328

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 81.8%. Comparing base (b80639c) to head (34bae5a).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##            main   #6317   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage   81.8%   81.8%           
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  Files        283     283           
  Lines      24892   24900    +8     
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+ Hits       20378   20387    +9     
+ Misses      4110    4109    -1     
  Partials     404     404           

see 4 files with indirect coverage changes