[CodeHealth] Fix clang tidy warnings part 4

[dbarker]

Contributes to #2053

Changes

Address clang-tidy warning categories

• google-runtime-int (nolint used for curl operations with long)
• google-readability-casting
• cppcoreguidelines-macro-to-enum
• cppcoreguidelines-prefer-member-initializer
• performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Unit tests have been added
• Changes in public API reviewed

[netlify]

✅ Deploy Preview for opentelemetry-cpp-api-docs canceled.

Name	Link
🔨 Latest commit	119a867
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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 89.95%. Comparing base (22715dd) to head (119a867).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3501      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.96%   89.95%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         219      219              
  Lines        7051     7051              
==========================================
- Hits         6343     6342       -1     
- Misses        708      709       +1     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...nclude/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/data/point_data.h	96.30% <ø> (ø)
...egation/base2_exponential_histogram_aggregation.cc	90.91% <100.00%> (ø)

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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[marcalff]

LGTM.

This:

// NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-runtime-int)

is indeed the best fix for curl.

Changing the code to please the google style breaks curl on 32bits machines.