[CI] pin cmake in ci and devcontainer

[dbarker]

Pin cmake to version 3.31.6 in ci

Changes

• changes the setup_cmake.sh script to remove the system installed cmake and install a specific version from env var CMAKE_VERSION that defaults to 3.31.6
• adds a setup_cmake.ps1 script for windows that does the same
• call the scripts in the ci workflow where needed

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Unit tests have been added
• Changes in public API reviewed

[netlify]

✅ Deploy Preview for opentelemetry-cpp-api-docs canceled.

Name	Link
🔨 Latest commit	ef95750
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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 89.51%. Comparing base (b2bc73f) to head (ef95750).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3336      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.52%   89.51%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         210      210              
  Lines        6526     6526              
==========================================
- Hits         5842     5841       -1     
- Misses        684      685       +1     

see 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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[dbarker]

@marcalff this pr is an option to give more time for the cmake upgrade if needed.

[lalitb]

LGTM as Intrmediate fix, to unblock release.

[marcalff]

Ok as an intermediate fix:

• it touches only files used in CI, production code unchanged
• it restores CI to a working state after the CMake 4.0.0 forced upgrade

We will need later to support CMake 4.0.0

[marcalff]

@dbarker Thanks. Let's use this then.