[CI] Upgrade CI to ubuntu 22.04

[marcalff]

Fixes #3329

Changes

Please provide a brief description of the changes here.

• Upgrade CI from ubuntu 20.04 to ubuntu 22.04
• Disable CI tests using abseil, to be revisited after PR [BUILD] Remove WITH_ABSEIL #3318

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Unit tests have been added
• Changes in public API reviewed

[netlify]

✅ Deploy Preview for opentelemetry-cpp-api-docs canceled.

Name	Link
🔨 Latest commit	2ce20c2
🔍 Latest deploy log	https://app.netlify.com/sites/opentelemetry-cpp-api-docs/deploys/67e71e8abe5ad100095d9fad

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 89.51%. Comparing base (78efc41) to head (2ce20c2).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3330      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.52%   89.51%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         210      210              
  Lines        6526     6526              
==========================================
- Hits         5842     5841       -1     
- Misses        684      685       +1     

see 1 file with indirect coverage changes

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.