chore: Remove set_value_from_id and resolve in the DataFlowGraph

[jfecher]

Description

Problem*

Resolves (none)

Summary*

This is another experimental change in the SSA IR. This one is aimed at reducing the surface for bugs by removing DataFlowGraph::set_value_from_id and subsequently the need to call DataFlowGraph::resolve for each value as well. This has historically been a source of bugs when one forgets to call resolve. Now that the mem2reg no longer relies on set_value_from_id, the only passes that still use it are cfg simplification which just needed a small change, and defunctionalization which still needs a larger change.

Documentation

• This PR requires documentation updates when merged.

  • I will submit a noir-lang/docs PR.
  • I will request for and support Dev Rel's help in documenting this PR.

Additional Context

PR Checklist*

• I have tested the changes locally.
• I have formatted the changes with Prettier and/or cargo fmt on default settings.

[jfecher]

This would require reworks to several passes that are too large to be practical currently.