[libspatialite] Fix android

[dg0yt]

Modification of the current patch: Really don't allow any flag modifications before testing for the geos header. The external flags are needed and, in vcpkg, sufficient.

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.