[cryptopp]: Fix compilation with clang-cl

[raphaelthegreat]

Describe the pull request

• What does your PR fix?

  Fixes compilation on Windows using clang-cl, by performing the following:
  • Add clang-cl 12.0+ to supported configurations
  • Use MSVC path to detect CRYPTOPP_CXX17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS

[ghost]

All CLA requirements met.

[Neumann-A]

I get:

FAILED: CMakeFiles/cryptopp-object.dir/chacha_avx.cpp.obj 
E:\vcpkg_cache\downloads\tools\clang\clang-14.0.6\bin\clang-cl.exe  /nologo -TP -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0A00  /nologo /EHsc /GR /DWIN32 /D_WIN64 /D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0A00 /DWINVER=0x0A00 /D_CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE /D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS /D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE /D_ATL_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE /D_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS /D_CRT_INTERNAL_NONSTDC_NAMES /D_CRT_DECLARE_NONSTDC_NAMES /D_FORCENAMELESSUNION -mcrc32 -msse4.2 /clang:-fasm -fmacro-backtrace-limit=0 /utf-8 /WX- /Od /Ob0 /GS /RTC1 /FC  /MDd /Z7 /Brepro /D_DEBUG /FC  /FIwinapifamily.h /showIncludes /FoCMakeFiles\cryptopp-object.dir\chacha_avx.cpp.obj /FdCMakeFiles\cryptopp-object.dir\ -c -- E:\vcpkg_folders\llvm_test\buildtrees\cryptopp\src\TOPP_8_6_0-ea3517667b\chacha_avx.cpp
E:\vcpkg_folders\llvm_test\buildtrees\cryptopp\src\TOPP_8_6_0-ea3517667b\chacha_avx.cpp(63,8): error: unknown type name '__m256i'
inline __m256i RotateLeft(const __m256i val)
       ^

because the build seems not to be adding the required -mavx2 flag

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error: checked-in files for cryptopp have changed but the version was not updated
version: 8.6.0#1
old SHA: 2a1d13e53bda3bc8638f43beb50fe9252e838260
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You have modified or added at least one vcpkg.json where you should check the license field.

If you feel able to do so, please consider adding a "license" field to the following files:

• ports/cryptopp/vcpkg.json

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[raphaelthegreat]

I tested the build with clang-cl included in the VS 2022 installer and it compiled successfully. I'll try the standalone as well, it probably can't detect the platform correctly

[github-actions]

You have modified or added at least one vcpkg.json where you should check the license field.

If you feel able to do so, please consider adding a "license" field to the following files:

• ports/cryptopp/vcpkg.json

Valid values for the license field can be found in the documentation

[raphaelthegreat]

So I performed some tests and the problem seems to be that while CMake enables the MSVC flag with clang-cl, CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID remains equal to "Clang" which breaks the SIMD flag configuration.

[raphaelthegreat]

Tested build using the latest clang-cl 14.0 with the x64-windows-llvm triplet from this repository.
The only change that was needed was to replace /clang:-fopenmp-simd with /openmp here

[Neumann-A]

Merged this into #25897. Compiles fine now.

[github-actions]

You have modified or added at least one vcpkg.json where you should check the license field.

If you feel able to do so, please consider adding a "license" field to the following files:

• ports/cryptopp/vcpkg.json

Valid values for the license field can be found in the documentation

[BillyONeal]

Please submit this patch upstream to https://github.com/weidai11/cryptopp

Thanks!