Recursive Node.js require

[calebmer]

Recursive modules with exporting files in-between don’t work with TypeScript because export { ... } from '...' statements extract the exported property when the file first runs instead of using a getter to lazily extract the exported property as Babel does.

When Node.js detects recursive modules, they emit the module exports that have been initialized thus far. See module cycles documentation. This means an export may be undefined in the required module when a cycle is detected. However, that export will later be defined when both modules finish their initial execution. Because TypeScript does not use getters there is no way of getting the export when it is later defined.

Here is a concrete example to demonstrate the recursive problem in Node.js. In the bug template is the output expected for a given file. The below example would create an infinite recursive loop when a or b is called. This is the desired behavior. What actually happens is that either b or a is undefined and can’t be called.

./a/foo.ts

import { b } from '../b'

export function a () {
  b()
  return 'foo'
}

./a/index.ts

export { a } from './foo'

./b/bar.ts

import { a } from '../a'

export function b () {
  a()
  return 'bar'
}

./b/index.ts

export { b } from './bar'

Expected/Actual

TypeScript Version: 2.1.4

Code

export { a } from './foo'
export { b } from './bar'

Expected behavior:

Emits getters for CommonJS exports like Babel:

'use strict';

Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
  value: true
});

var _foo = require('./foo');

Object.defineProperty(exports, 'a', {
  enumerable: true,
  get: function get() {
    return _foo.a;
  }
});

var _bar = require('./bar');

Object.defineProperty(exports, 'b', {
  enumerable: true,
  get: function get() {
    return _bar.b;
  }
});

Actual behavior:

Extracts the imported values on file execution so if the reference changes in the required module, that change does not propagate:

"use strict";
var foo_1 = require("./foo");
exports.a = foo_1.a;
var bar_1 = require("./bar");
exports.b = bar_1.b;

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[aluanhaddad]

I think this is a duplicate of #12522.

[calebmer]

The cause is the same as in #12522, but the effect is different. In this case it breaks Node.js support for cyclical dependencies.

[aluanhaddad]

Technically that's not node support but Babel support right? My understanding is that this behavior is enabled by a translating interpretation of ES Modules onto CommonJS. (I could be very wrong about this)

[calebmer]

I am pretty sure that es modules allow for recursive imports. My example above I believe to be valid ECMAScript so it’s not so much an issue of translating interpretation as it is of spec compliance. Maybe I misunderstood?

[aluanhaddad]

The reason I bring it up is that Node does not support ES Modules so all targeting code has to be transpiled and is subject to interpretation as a result. When you use --module commonjs, tsc outputs code that targets CommonJS Modules directly and this is a very different thing than targeting ES Modules. That said, perhaps the current behavior also stems from the inherent support that TypeScript has for CommonJS/Node ala the specialized

import a = require('./a');

syntax that is unique to TypeScript and naturally translates to

var a = require('./a');

Arguably

import {a} from 'a';

should translate to emit that maps the ES specified behavior to Node constructs.
That would also possibly mean revisiting the emit behavior of

import a from './a';

to reference a synthetic default import.

Basically, Babel is treating CommonJS Modules as a legacy target for ES Modules while TypeScript is treating CommonJS as a first class format yet it is supporting ES Module syntax alongside and in terms of the require function. The more I think about it, the more this seems inherently problematic...

[calebmer]

Ok but inherent problems aside I don’t see anything that really blocks changing the emit behavior from this:

"use strict";
var foo_1 = require("./foo");
exports.a = foo_1.a;
var bar_1 = require("./bar");
exports.b = bar_1.b;

To this:

'use strict';

var foo_1 = require('./foo');
Object.defineProperty(exports, 'a', {
  enumerable: true,
  get: () => foo_1.a,
});

var bar_1 = require('./bar');
Object.defineProperty(exports, 'b', {
  enumerable: true,
  get: () => bar_1.b,
});

This results in the exact same behavior that is being emit now. Technically you can’t configure or set to these properties (I’m not sure why anyone would), but if you wanted strict backwards compatibility you just change the emit to this:

var foo_1 = require('./foo');
Object.defineProperty(exports, 'a', {
  configurable: true,
  enumerable: true,
  get: () => foo_1.a,
  set: value => { foo_1.a = value; },
});

Then we really do have the exact same behavior.

So this would not change the TypeScript interpretation of the ES Module and CommonJS module systems. After all it behaves the same. The only thing this changes is it fixes an inconsistency in how TypeScript handles the ES Module spec specifically in the case of recursive Node.js requires.

If you worry about adding bytes to your application code, then the state of the art for JavaScript bundling is to not transpile to CommonJS and instead let your bundler (Webpack or Rollup most likely) to intelligently handle your ES Module declarations (and it’s worth noting that they handle this case as well).

I guess from my perspective I’m not seeing any inherent problems. This seems like a net positive to me that does not effect any existing code and fixes a specific bug that I (and likely Babel users too given Babel’s behavior) have been experiencing 😖

[tristan957]

This issue is extremely annoying in applications using NestJS (dependency injection). Referencing enums and decorators outside the modules in which they are defined through reexports impossible. The TypeScript compiler complains about them not existing when they are. The behavior is easily reproducible and in my opinion is a bug.

[squidfunk]

I started a PR in #31715 using the technique described by @calebmer in #13245 (comment). Heavily WIP. Happy to collaborate!

[RyanCavanaugh]

Possibly same root cause as #12522

[jakebailey]

Old issue, but this was fixed back in TS 3.9; the example code from the original post is now:

"use strict";
Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
exports.b = exports.a = void 0;
var foo_1 = require("./foo");
Object.defineProperty(exports, "a", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return foo_1.a; } });
var bar_1 = require("./bar");
Object.defineProperty(exports, "b", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return bar_1.b; } });

So, it is now using a getter like babel did.