[ci] add Python 3.11 test coverage #7012

Job	Run time
r-package (ubuntu-latest, gcc, R 3.6, cmake)	17m 36s
r-package (ubuntu-latest, gcc, R 4.2, cmake)	16m 37s
r-package (ubuntu-latest, clang, R 3.6, cmake)	16m 14s
r-package (ubuntu-latest, clang, R 4.2, cmake)	16m 22s
r-package (macOS-latest, gcc, R 4.2, cmake)	16m 28s
r-package (macOS-latest, clang, R 4.2, cmake)	18m 5s
r-package (windows-latest, MINGW, R 3.6, cmake)	14m 54s
r-package (windows-latest, MINGW, R 4.2, cmake)	19m 39s
r-package (windows-2019, MSVC, R 3.6, cmake)	13m 18s
r-package (windows-2022, MSVC, R 4.2, cmake)	14m 55s
r-package (windows-latest, MINGW, R 3.6, cran)	30m 0s
r-package (windows-latest, MINGW, R 4.2, cran)	25m 55s
r-package (ubuntu-latest, gcc, R 4.2, cran)	26m 20s
r-package (macOS-latest, clang, R 4.2, cran)	24m 11s
r-rchk (ubuntu-latest, gcc, R 4.2, cran)	12m 59s
r-package (debian, R-devel, clang)	15m 28s
r-sanitizers (ubuntu-latest, R-devel, gcc ASAN/UBSAN)	19m 38s
r-sanitizers (ubuntu-latest, R-devel, clang ASAN/UBSAN)	29m 11s
all-r-package-jobs-successful	3s
	5h 47m 53s

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