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convert to markdown for glossary zh-CN #6625

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23 changes: 0 additions & 23 deletions files/zh-cn/glossary/abstraction/index.html

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19 changes: 19 additions & 0 deletions files/zh-cn/glossary/abstraction/index.md
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---
title: 抽象编程
slug: Glossary/Abstraction
tags:
- 名词解释
- 抽象
- 编程
- 编程脚本
- 编程语言
translation_of: Glossary/Abstraction
original_slug: Glossary/抽象编程
---
在计算机编程{{Glossary("computer programming")}}领域中,抽象编程指在研发大型复杂软件系统时,通过抽象的方法来降低编程复杂度,实现系统快速高效设计和开发的编程模式。它将系统各功能实现的技术细节隐藏在相对简单的 {{Glossary("API", "APIs")}}之后。

## 更多资料

### 基础知识

- 维基百科相应条目{{interwiki("wikipedia", "Abstraction (computer science)", "Abstraction")}}
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---
title: Accessibility
slug: Glossary/Accessibility
tags:
- 无障碍
- 术语
translation_of: Glossary/Accessibility
---
_无障碍网页_(Web Accessibility ,缩写:**A11Y**)指在物理条件和技术条件限制下,保证网站达到最佳可用性的实践 。Web accessibility 正式定义与论述,在 {{Glossary("W3C")}} 上的 {{Glossary("WAI","Web Accessibility Initiative")}} (WAI).

## 了解更多

### 常规知识

- [Accessibility resources at MDN](/zh-CN/docs/Web/Accessibility)
- {{Interwiki("wikipedia", "Web accessibility")}} on Wikipedia

### 学习 web accessibility

- [Web Accessibility In Mind](https://webaim.org/)

### 技术参考

- [The ARIA documentation on MDN](/zh-CN/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA)
- [The Web Accessibility Initiative homepage](https://www.w3.org/WAI/)
- [The WAI-ARIA recommendation](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/)
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---
title: Adobe Flash
slug: Glossary/Adobe_Flash
translation_of: Glossary/Adobe_Flash
---
Flash 是一项过时的技术,由 Adobe 开发。Flash 使得富 Web 应用程序、矢量图形和多媒体成为可能。您需要安装正确的插件以在支持的{{Glossary("Browser","网页浏览器")}}使用 Flash。

## 了解更多

### 基本知识

- [官方网页](https://www.adobe.com/products/flashruntimes.html)
- [Shumway,由 Mozilla 所研发的免费实现](https://mozilla.github.io/shumway/)
- [Gnash,](http://gnashdev.org/)[由 GNU 所研发的免费实现](https://mozilla.github.io/shumway/)
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---
title: AJAX
slug: Glossary/AJAX
tags:
- AJAX
translation_of: Glossary/AJAX
---
**AJAX**(Asynchronous {{glossary("JavaScript")}} And {{glossary("XML")}} )是一种使用 {{glossary("XHR_(XMLHttpRequest)","XMLHttpRequest")}} 技术构建更复杂,动态的网页的编程实践。

AJAX 允许只更新一个 {{glossary("HTML")}} 页面的部分 {{glossary("DOM")}},而无须重新加载整个页面。AJAX 还允许异步工作,这意味着当网页的一部分正试图重新加载时,您的代码可以继续运行(相比之下,同步会阻止代码继续运行,直到这部分的网页完成重新加载)。

通过交互式网站和现代 Web 标准,AJAX 正在逐渐被 JavaScript 框架中的函数和官方的 {{domxref("Fetch API")}} 标准取代。

## 深入了解

### 基础知识

- 维基百科上的 {{interwiki("wikipedia", "AJAX")}}
- [MDN 上的 AJAX - Getting started](/zh-CN/docs/Web/Guide/AJAX/Getting_Started)
- [Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Communications](http://peoplesofttutorial.com/difference-between-synchronous-and-asynchronous-messaging/)

### 技术资讯

- {{DOMxRef("XMLHttpRequest")}} 对象
- {{DOMxRef("Fetch API")}}
- [MDN 上的 AJAX 文档](/zh-CN/docs/Web/Guide/AJAX)
- [使用 Fetch API](/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API/Using_Fetch)
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32 changes: 32 additions & 0 deletions files/zh-cn/glossary/algorithm/index.md
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---
title: 算法
slug: Glossary/Algorithm
tags:
- 专业术语
- 编程基础
translation_of: Glossary/Algorithm
original_slug: Glossary/算法
---
算法是一个良定义的具体计算步骤的一个序列。

换句话说,一个算法就是由人或机器可重复的解决问题的方法。计算机科学家们使用算法的复杂度(又称 O 标记法)来表示算法的效率。

例如:

- 一道菜谱就是供人使用的算法
- 一种编程中常用的排序算法就是用来描述计算机如何给数据排序的

常用的算法有寻找最优路径算法,例如“旅行推销员问题”、“树的遍历算法”等。

还有很多机器学习算法例如“线性回归”、“决策树”、“随机森林”、“支持向量机”、“循环神经网络(RNN)”、“长短时记忆(LSTM)神经网络”、“卷积神经网络(CNN)”、“深度卷积神经网络”等。

## 更多详情

### 通用知识库(维基百科)

- {{Interwiki("wikipedia", "Algorithm", "Algorithm")}},维基百科

### 技术分析

- [Explanations of sorting algorithms](https://www.toptal.com/developers/sorting-algorithms)
- [Explanations of algorithmic complexity](https://bigocheatsheet.com/)
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25 changes: 25 additions & 0 deletions files/zh-cn/glossary/alpn/index.md
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---
title: 应用层协议协商
slug: Glossary/ALPN
tags:
- ALPN
- TLS
translation_of: Glossary/ALPN
---
**应用层协议协商**(**Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation**,简称**ALPN**)是 {{Glossary("TLS")}} 的一个扩展,故而应用层协议在协商加密协议的过程中,避免了额外的往返通讯开销。

| 协议 | 标识符字节序列 |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ |
| {{Glossary("HTTP")}}/1.1 | `0x68 0x74 0x74 0x70 0x2F 0x31 0x2E 0x31` ("http/1.1") |
| {{Glossary("HTTP 2", "HTTP/2")}} | `0x68 0x32` ("h2") |
| HTTP/2 over cleartext {{Glossary("TCP")}} | `0x68 0x32 0x63` ("h2c") |

## Specifications

| Specification | Status | Notes |
| ---------------- | -------- | ---------- |
| {{RFC(7301)}} | IETF RFC | 初始化定义 |

## See also

- [IANA registered ALPN identifiers](https://www.iana.org/assignments/tls-extensiontype-values/tls-extensiontype-values.xhtml#alpn-protocol-ids)
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