refactor: replace aggregated model discovery shims with per-key live cache fanout via OnKeyAdded/Updated/Deleted

framework/modelcatalog/models.go

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func (mc *ModelCatalog) GetProvidersForModel(model string) []schemas.ModelProvid
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Cross-provider special cases (preserved from pre-refactor models.go).
+	// Cross-provider special cases
 	if _, ok := seen[schemas.OpenRouter]; !ok {
 		openRouterModels := mc.GetModelsForProvider(schemas.OpenRouter)
 		for _, p := range providers {

framework/modelcatalog/pool.go

@@ -13,6 +13,18 @@ func (mc *ModelCatalog) UpsertLive(provider schemas.ModelProvider, keyID string,
 	mc.live.Upsert(provider, keyID, unfiltered, models)
 }
 
+// UpsertLiveFromResponse extracts model IDs from a BifrostListModelsResponse
+// (parsing "provider/model" prefixes, filtering by provider match,
+// deduplicating) and pushes them into the live cache. A nil resp is a no-op
+// so callers can't accidentally clear an existing cache entry by handing in
+// a missing response.
+func (mc *ModelCatalog) UpsertLiveFromResponse(provider schemas.ModelProvider, keyID string, unfiltered bool, resp *schemas.BifrostListModelsResponse) {
+	if resp == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	mc.live.Upsert(provider, keyID, unfiltered, extractModelIDs(resp, provider))
+}
+
 // InvalidateLive drops both filtered + unfiltered live entries for one key.
 func (mc *ModelCatalog) InvalidateLive(provider schemas.ModelProvider, keyID string) {
 	mc.live.Invalidate(provider, keyID)

framework/modelcatalog/pool_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+package modelcatalog
+
+import (
+	"slices"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/maximhq/bifrost/core/schemas"
+)
+
+// TestUpsertLiveFromResponse_NilRespIsNoop guards the API surface: handing a
+// nil response into UpsertLiveFromResponse must not clear an existing cache
+// entry by storing an empty slice. Without the early-return, extractModelIDs
+// would return nil and the live store would publish an empty model list,
+// silently removing the provider's previously-fetched models from routing.
+func TestUpsertLiveFromResponse_NilRespIsNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	mc := NewTestCatalog(nil)
+	mc.UpsertLive(schemas.OpenAI, "k1", false, []string{"gpt-4o", "o1"})
+
+	mc.UpsertLiveFromResponse(schemas.OpenAI, "k1", false, nil)
+
+	got := mc.GetModelsForProvider(schemas.OpenAI)
+	slices.Sort(got)
+	want := []string{"gpt-4o", "o1"}
+	if !slices.Equal(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("after UpsertLiveFromResponse(nil), GetModelsForProvider = %v, want %v (entry must survive nil resp)", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestUpsertLiveFromResponse_PopulatesFromResponse covers the happy path:
+// extractModelIDs strips the owning provider prefix and the resulting bare
+// names land in the live cache for GetModelsForProvider.
+func TestUpsertLiveFromResponse_PopulatesFromResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	mc := NewTestCatalog(nil)
+	resp := &schemas.BifrostListModelsResponse{
+		Data: []schemas.Model{
+			{ID: "openai/gpt-4o"},
+			{ID: "openai/o1"},
+		},
+	}
+	mc.UpsertLiveFromResponse(schemas.OpenAI, "k1", false, resp)
+
+	got := mc.GetModelsForProvider(schemas.OpenAI)
+	slices.Sort(got)
+	want := []string{"gpt-4o", "o1"}
+	if !slices.Equal(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("GetModelsForProvider = %v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestExtractModelIDs_StripsOwningProviderPrefix verifies the canonical
+// shape returned by every provider's ListModels — an ID prefixed with its
+// own provider key — gets reduced to a bare model name.
+func TestExtractModelIDs_StripsOwningProviderPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	resp := &schemas.BifrostListModelsResponse{
+		Data: []schemas.Model{
+			{ID: "openai/gpt-4o"},
+			{ID: "openai/o1"},
+		},
+	}
+	got := extractModelIDs(resp, schemas.OpenAI)
+	slices.Sort(got)
+	want := []string{"gpt-4o", "o1"}
+	if !slices.Equal(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("extractModelIDs = %v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestExtractModelIDs_KeepsNestedProviderForGateway covers the
+// gateway-provider shape (OpenRouter returns IDs like "openrouter/openai/gpt-4")
+// — ParseModelString splits on the first slash, so the parsed prefix matches
+// the owning provider and the remainder ("openai/gpt-4") is kept as-is.
+func TestExtractModelIDs_KeepsNestedProviderForGateway(t *testing.T) {
+	resp := &schemas.BifrostListModelsResponse{
+		Data: []schemas.Model{
+			{ID: "openrouter/openai/gpt-4"},
+			{ID: "openrouter/anthropic/claude-sonnet-4"},
+		},
+	}
+	got := extractModelIDs(resp, schemas.OpenRouter)
+	slices.Sort(got)
+	want := []string{"anthropic/claude-sonnet-4", "openai/gpt-4"}
+	if !slices.Equal(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("extractModelIDs = %v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestExtractModelIDs_DropsForeignPrefix asserts the defensive filter: an
+// ID prefixed with a different provider than the one being upserted is
+// excluded. This shouldn't fire in practice (providers self-prefix their
+// own list-models output before it reaches here), but the guard exists for
+// malformed inputs and the test pins the behavior so refactors don't
+// silently invert it.
+func TestExtractModelIDs_DropsForeignPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	resp := &schemas.BifrostListModelsResponse{
+		Data: []schemas.Model{
+			{ID: "openai/gpt-4o"},
+			{ID: "anthropic/claude-sonnet"}, // foreign — should be dropped
+		},
+	}
+	got := extractModelIDs(resp, schemas.OpenAI)
+	slices.Sort(got)
+	want := []string{"gpt-4o"}
+	if !slices.Equal(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("extractModelIDs = %v, want %v (anthropic-prefixed entry must be dropped when caller asks for openai)", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestExtractModelIDs_NilResp returns nil — the public wrapper relies on
+// this to short-circuit cleanly when a list-models call returns no body.
+func TestExtractModelIDs_NilResp(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := extractModelIDs(nil, schemas.OpenAI); got != nil {
+		t.Errorf("extractModelIDs(nil) = %v, want nil", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestExtractModelIDs_Dedup keeps only one entry when the same bare model
+// name appears twice in the response (one prefixed, one bare).
+func TestExtractModelIDs_Dedup(t *testing.T) {
+	resp := &schemas.BifrostListModelsResponse{
+		Data: []schemas.Model{
+			{ID: "openai/gpt-4o"},
+			{ID: "gpt-4o"},
+			{ID: "openai/gpt-4o"},
+		},
+	}
+	got := extractModelIDs(resp, schemas.OpenAI)
+	if len(got) != 1 || got[0] != "gpt-4o" {
+		t.Errorf("extractModelIDs = %v, want [gpt-4o] (deduped)", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInvalidateLive_DropsBothFiltersForKey verifies the InvalidateLive
+// forwarder reaches the live store and clears filtered + unfiltered entries
+// for one (provider, keyID) pair in a single call.
+func TestInvalidateLive_DropsBothFiltersForKey(t *testing.T) {
+	mc := NewTestCatalog(nil)
+	mc.UpsertLive(schemas.OpenAI, "k1", false, []string{"gpt-4o"})
+	mc.UpsertLive(schemas.OpenAI, "k1", true, []string{"gpt-4o", "o1"})
+	mc.UpsertLive(schemas.OpenAI, "k2", false, []string{"o1"})
+
+	mc.InvalidateLive(schemas.OpenAI, "k1")
+
+	// k1 entries are gone; k2 survives.
+	if got := mc.GetModelsForProvider(schemas.OpenAI); !slices.Equal(got, []string{"o1"}) {
+		t.Errorf("filtered union after InvalidateLive(k1) = %v, want [o1] (k1 filtered dropped, k2 survives)", got)
+	}
+	if got := mc.GetUnfilteredModelsForProvider(schemas.OpenAI); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("unfiltered union after InvalidateLive(k1) = %v, want [] (k1 unfiltered dropped; k2 has no unfiltered entry)", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInvalidateLiveProvider_DropsAcrossKeys verifies the provider-wide
+// forwarder clears every (keyID, mode) combination for the provider.
+func TestInvalidateLiveProvider_DropsAcrossKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	mc := NewTestCatalog(nil)
+	mc.UpsertLive(schemas.OpenAI, "k1", false, []string{"gpt-4o"})
+	mc.UpsertLive(schemas.OpenAI, "k2", false, []string{"o1"})
+	mc.UpsertLive(schemas.Anthropic, "k1", false, []string{"claude-sonnet"})
+
+	mc.InvalidateLiveProvider(schemas.OpenAI)
+
+	if got := mc.GetModelsForProvider(schemas.OpenAI); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("OpenAI after InvalidateLiveProvider = %v, want [] (every key dropped)", got)
+	}
+	// Other providers untouched.
+	if got := mc.GetModelsForProvider(schemas.Anthropic); !slices.Equal(got, []string{"claude-sonnet"}) {
+		t.Errorf("Anthropic after InvalidateLiveProvider(OpenAI) = %v, want [claude-sonnet]", got)
+	}
+}

plugins/governance/httptransportprehook_test.go

@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ func TestHTTPTransportPreHook_VirtualKeyReplicateRefinesNestedModel(t *testing.T
 	mc := modelcatalog.NewTestCatalog(map[string]string{
 		"openai/gpt-5-nano": "gpt-5-nano",
 	})
-	mc.UpsertModelDataForProvider(schemas.Replicate, &schemas.BifrostListModelsResponse{
+	mc.UpsertLiveFromResponse(schemas.Replicate, "", false, &schemas.BifrostListModelsResponse{
 		Data: []schemas.Model{
 			{ID: "replicate/openai/gpt-5-nano"},
 		},
-	}, nil)
+	})
 
 	virtualKey := buildVirtualKeyWithProviders(
 		"vk1",

plugins/governance/resolver_test.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/maximhq/bifrost/core/schemas"
 	"github.com/maximhq/bifrost/framework/configstore"
 	configstoreTables "github.com/maximhq/bifrost/framework/configstore/tables"
-	"github.com/maximhq/bifrost/framework/modelcatalog"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
@@ -36,87 +35,6 @@ func TestBudgetResolver_EvaluateRequest_AllowedRequest(t *testing.T) {
 	assertVirtualKeyFound(t, result)
 }
 
-// TestBudgetResolver_EvaluateRequest_WildcardAllowsCatalogOpaqueProvider verifies that a
-// wildcard ("*") allow-list permits any model on a catalog-opaque provider (vLLM, whose
-// self-hosted models are never in the bundled catalog), while leaving catalog-known providers
-// (openai) fully intact — i.e. wildcard is still catalog-cross-checked for them.
-func TestBudgetResolver_EvaluateRequest_WildcardAllowsCatalogOpaqueProvider(t *testing.T) {
-	logger := NewMockLogger()
-
-	// Catalog knows openai/gpt-4o but has NO model list for vLLM.
-	mc := modelcatalog.NewTestCatalog(map[string]string{"openai/gpt-4o": "gpt-4o"})
-	mc.UpsertModelDataForProvider(schemas.OpenAI,
-		&schemas.BifrostListModelsResponse{Data: []schemas.Model{{ID: "openai/gpt-4o"}}}, nil)
-
-	// Non-nil inMemoryStore so isModelAllowed takes the catalog branch.
-	inMem := &mockInMemoryStore{
-		configuredProviders: map[schemas.ModelProvider]configstore.ProviderConfig{
-			schemas.VLLM:   {},
-			schemas.OpenAI: {},
-		},
-	}
-
-	vk := buildVirtualKey("vk1", "sk-bf-test", "Test VK", true)
-	vk.ProviderConfigs = []configstoreTables.TableVirtualKeyProviderConfig{
-		buildProviderConfig("vllm", []string{"*"}),
-		buildProviderConfig("openai", []string{"*"}),
-	}
-	store, err := NewLocalGovernanceStore(context.Background(), logger, nil, &configstore.GovernanceConfig{
-		VirtualKeys: []configstoreTables.TableVirtualKey{*vk},
-	}, mc)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	resolver := NewBudgetResolver(store, mc, logger, inMem)
-	ctx := &schemas.BifrostContext{}
-
-	// vLLM (catalog-opaque) + ["*"] + uncatalogued model -> allowed (the fix).
-	result := resolver.EvaluateVirtualKeyRequest(ctx, "sk-bf-test", schemas.VLLM, "my-self-hosted-llama", schemas.ChatCompletionRequest, false)
-	assertDecision(t, DecisionAllow, result)
-
-	// openai intact: a real catalog model under ["*"] is still allowed.
-	result = resolver.EvaluateVirtualKeyRequest(ctx, "sk-bf-test", schemas.OpenAI, "gpt-4o", schemas.ChatCompletionRequest, false)
-	assertDecision(t, DecisionAllow, result)
-
-	// openai intact: an unknown model under ["*"] is still catalog-cross-checked and blocked.
-	result = resolver.EvaluateVirtualKeyRequest(ctx, "sk-bf-test", schemas.OpenAI, "not-a-real-model", schemas.ChatCompletionRequest, false)
-	assertDecision(t, DecisionModelBlocked, result)
-}
-
-// TestBudgetResolver_EvaluateRequest_WildcardOpaqueProviderRespectsBlacklist guards the ordering
-// in isModelAllowed: the blacklist pass must run before the wildcard + catalog-opaque shortcut,
-// so a blacklisted model is blocked on an opaque provider even under a ["*"] allow-list.
-func TestBudgetResolver_EvaluateRequest_WildcardOpaqueProviderRespectsBlacklist(t *testing.T) {
-	logger := NewMockLogger()
-
-	mc := modelcatalog.NewTestCatalog(nil) // catalog has no vLLM models -> opaque
-	inMem := &mockInMemoryStore{
-		configuredProviders: map[schemas.ModelProvider]configstore.ProviderConfig{
-			schemas.VLLM: {},
-		},
-	}
-
-	vllmConfig := buildProviderConfig("vllm", []string{"*"})
-	vllmConfig.BlacklistedModels = schemas.BlackList{"my-self-hosted-llama"}
-
-	vk := buildVirtualKey("vk1", "sk-bf-test", "Test VK", true)
-	vk.ProviderConfigs = []configstoreTables.TableVirtualKeyProviderConfig{vllmConfig}
-	store, err := NewLocalGovernanceStore(context.Background(), logger, nil, &configstore.GovernanceConfig{
-		VirtualKeys: []configstoreTables.TableVirtualKey{*vk},
-	}, mc)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	resolver := NewBudgetResolver(store, mc, logger, inMem)
-	ctx := &schemas.BifrostContext{}
-
-	// Blacklisted model on the opaque provider is blocked despite the ["*"] allow-list.
-	result := resolver.EvaluateVirtualKeyRequest(ctx, "sk-bf-test", schemas.VLLM, "my-self-hosted-llama", schemas.ChatCompletionRequest, false)
-	assertDecision(t, DecisionModelBlocked, result)
-
-	// A different (non-blacklisted) model on the same opaque provider is still allowed.
-	result = resolver.EvaluateVirtualKeyRequest(ctx, "sk-bf-test", schemas.VLLM, "another-local-model", schemas.ChatCompletionRequest, false)
-	assertDecision(t, DecisionAllow, result)
-}
-
 // TestBudgetResolver_EvaluateRequest_VirtualKeyNotFound tests missing VK
 func TestBudgetResolver_EvaluateRequest_VirtualKeyNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	logger := NewMockLogger()

transports/bifrost-http/handlers/provider_keys.go

@@ -139,8 +139,10 @@ func (h *ProviderHandler) createProviderKey(ctx *fasthttp.RequestCtx) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := h.attemptModelDiscovery(ctx, provider, providerConfig.CustomProviderConfig); err != nil {
-		logger.Warn("Model discovery failed for provider %s after key create: %v", provider, err)
+	if providerConfig.CustomProviderConfig == nil || !providerConfig.CustomProviderConfig.IsKeyLess {
+		if err := h.modelsManager.OnKeyAdded(ctx, provider, key); err != nil {
+			logger.Warn("Catalog refresh failed for provider %s after key create: %v", provider, err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	redactedKey, err := h.inMemoryStore.GetProviderKeyRedacted(provider, key.ID)
@@ -244,8 +246,10 @@ func (h *ProviderHandler) updateProviderKey(ctx *fasthttp.RequestCtx) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := h.attemptModelDiscovery(ctx, provider, providerConfig.CustomProviderConfig); err != nil {
-		logger.Warn("Model discovery failed for provider %s after key update: %v", provider, err)
+	if providerConfig.CustomProviderConfig == nil || !providerConfig.CustomProviderConfig.IsKeyLess {
+		if err := h.modelsManager.OnKeyUpdated(ctx, provider, mergedKey); err != nil {
+			logger.Warn("Catalog refresh failed for provider %s after key update: %v", provider, err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	redactedKey, err := h.inMemoryStore.GetProviderKeyRedacted(provider, keyID)
@@ -305,8 +309,8 @@ func (h *ProviderHandler) deleteProviderKey(ctx *fasthttp.RequestCtx) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := h.attemptModelDiscovery(ctx, provider, providerConfig.CustomProviderConfig); err != nil {
-		logger.Warn("Model discovery failed for provider %s after key delete: %v", provider, err)
+	if err := h.modelsManager.OnKeyDeleted(ctx, provider, keyID); err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Catalog refresh failed for provider %s after key delete: %v", provider, err)
 	}
 
 	SendJSON(ctx, redactedKey)

transports/bifrost-http/handlers/providers.go

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ type ModelsManager interface {
 	GetModelsForProvider(provider schemas.ModelProvider) []string
 	GetUnfilteredModelsForProvider(provider schemas.ModelProvider) []string
 	UpsertModelPricingAttributes(ctx context.Context, entries []ModelPricingAttributesEntry) error
+	OnKeyAdded(ctx context.Context, provider schemas.ModelProvider, key schemas.Key) error
+	OnKeyUpdated(ctx context.Context, provider schemas.ModelProvider, key schemas.Key) error
+	OnKeyDeleted(ctx context.Context, provider schemas.ModelProvider, keyID string) error
 }
 
 // ModelPricingAttributesEntry is the wire shape for PUT /api/models/catalog.