Awesome LLM-Enhanced Recommender Systems

This is the collection of the papers on LLM-Enhanced Recommender Systems (LLMERS).

Due to the latency requirements by the online recommenders, LLMERS has gained considerable attention recently. We would like to give the definition of the LLMERS in our survey.

💡 Definition: The conventional recommender systems are enhanced by large language models via assistance in training or supplementary for data, while no need for LLM inference during the service

⭐️ Category: LLMERS augments the conventional RS from its basic components, i.e., interaction data and recommendation model, so that we categorize them into three lines: Knowledge Enhancement, Interaction Enhancement and Model Enhancement.

News

🔥 [2024.12] We have released the survey and repo!

🔥 [2025.3] We have updated recent papers to v.2.

1. Knowledge Enhancement

Date / Venue	Model	Paper	Knowledge Type	Foundation Model (Finetuned/Non-finetuned)	Code
2023.5 / WSDM'24	ONCE	ONCE: Boosting Content-based Recommendation with Both Open- and Closed-source Large Language Models	Summarization & Reasoning	LLaMA-7B (F) + GPT-3.5 (N)	Link
2023.6 / RecSys'24	KAR	Towards Open-World Recommendation with Knowledge Augmentation from Large Language Models	Summarization & Reasoning	ChatGLM (N)	Link
2023.8 / AAAI'24	LLMRG	LLMRG: Improving Recommendations through Large Language Model Reasoning Graphs	Knowledge Graph	GPT-4 (N) / GPT-3.5 (N)	N/A
2023.12 / arXiv'23	SAGCN	Understanding Before Recommendation: Semantic Aspect-Aware Review Exploitation via Large Language Models	Knowledge Graph	Vicuna-13B (N)	N/A
2024.1 / arXiv'24	LLMHG	LLM-Guided Multi-View Hypergraph Learning for Human-Centric Explainable Recommendation	Knowledge Graph	GPT-4 (N) / GPT-3.5 (N)	N/A
2024.2 / arXiv'24	LLM-KERec	Breaking the Barrier: Utilizing Large Language Models for Industrial Recommendation Systems through an Inferential Knowledge Graph	Knowledge Graph	GPT-3.5 (N) / ChatGLM2 (N)	N/A
2024.2 / arXiv'24	GaCLLM	Large Language Model with Graph Convolution for Recommendation	Summarization & Reasoning	ChatGLM2-6B (F)	N/A
2024.3 / arXiv'24	CSRec	Common Sense Enhanced Knowledge-based Recommendation with Large Language Model	Knowledge Graph	GPT-3.5 (N)	Link
2024.3 / arXiv'24	KELLMRec	KELLMRec: Knowledge-Enhanced Large Language Models for Recommendation	Both	InternLM-7B (N)	N/A
2024.4 / ICASSP'24	LAMAR	Large Language Models Augmented Rating Prediction in Recommender System	Summarization & Reasoning	LLaMA (N)	Link
2024.5 / arXiv'24		News Recommendation with Category Description by a Large Language Model	Summarization & Reasoning	GPT-4 (N)	Link
2024.5 / SIGIRW'24	LLM-BRec	LLM-BRec: Personalizing Session-based Social Recommendation with LLM-BERT Fusion Framework	Summarization & Reasoning	LLaMA2-7B (N)	N/A
2024.5 / arXiv'24	SKarREC	Learning Structure and Knowledge Aware Representation with Large Language Models for Concept Recommendation	Both	GPT-3.5 (N)	N/A
2024.7 / arXiv'24	LANE	LANE: Logic Alignment of Non-tuning Large Language Models and Online Recommendation Systems for Explainable Reason Generation	Summarization & Reasoning	GPT-3.5 (N)	N/A
2024.7 / SIGIR'24	SeRALM	Enhancing Sequential Recommenders with Augmented Knowledge from Aligned Large Language Models	Summarization & Reasoning	LLaMA2-7B (F)	N/A
2024.8 / ACLW'24	HRGraph	HRGraph: Leveraging LLMs for HR Data Knowledge Graphs with Information Propagation-based Job Recommendation	Knowledge Graph	unknown	Link
2024.8 / arXiv'24	MMRec	MMREC: LLM Based Multi-Modal Recommender System	Summarization & Reasoning	GPT-3.5 (N)	N/A
2024.8 / arXiv'24	REKI	Efficient and Deployable Knowledge Infusion for Open-World Recommendations via Large Language Models	Summarization & Reasoning	GPT-3.5 (N)	Link
2024.8 / arXiv'24	X-REFLECT	X-REFLECT: Cross-Reflection Prompting for Multimodal Recommendation	Summarization & Reasoning	GPT-4V (N) / LLaVA1.5-7B (N) / InternLM-7B (N)	N/A
2024.10 / arXiv'24	CoLaKG	Comprehending Knowledge Graphs with Large Language Models for Recommender Systems	Knowledge Graph	DeepSeek (N)	N/A
2024.11 / arXiv'24	LLM-PKG	Enabling Explainable Recommendation in E-commerce with LLM-powered Product Knowledge Graph	Knowledge Graph	Unknown	N/A
2024.12 / arXiv'24	AutoGraph	An Automatic Graph Construction Framework based on Large Language Models for Recommendation	Knowledge Graph	Vicuna-7B (N)	Link
2024.12 / AAAI'25	CIKG	Bridging the User-side Knowledge Gap in Knowledge-aware Recommendations with Large Language Models	Knowledge Graph	GPT-3.5 (N)	Link
2024.12 / arXiv'24	RecLM	RECLM: RECOMMENDATION INSTRUCTION TUNING	Summarization & Reasoning	GPT-3.5 (N) / LLaMA2-7B (F)	Link

2. Interaction Enhancement

Date / Venue	Model	Paper	Generation Method	Foundation Model (Finetuned/Non-finetuned)	Code
2023.6 / WSDM'24	LLMRec	LLMRec: Large Language Models with Graph Augmentation for Recommendation	Text-based	GPT-3.5 + text-embedding-ada-002 (N)	Link
2024.1 / arXiv'24	LlamaRec	Integrating Large Language Models into Recommendation via Mutual Augmentation and Adaptive Aggregation	Text-based	LLaMA2-7B (F)	N/A
2024.2 / arXiv'24	LLM-InS	Large Language Model Interaction Simulator for Cold-Start Item Recommendation	Score-based	LLaMA2 (F)	N/A
2024.2 / WWW'24	ColdAug	Large Language Models as Data Augmenters for Cold-Start Item Recommendation	Text-based	PaLM2 (N)	N/A
2024.8 / arXiv'24	LLMDSR	LLM4DSR: Leveraing Large Language Model for Denoising Sequential Recommendation	Score-based	LLaMA3-8B (F)	N/A
2024.9 / arXiv'24	LLMHD	Large Language Model Enhanced Hard Sample Identification for Denoising Recommendation	Text-based	GPT-3.5 (N)	N/A
2024.11 / arXiv'24	EIMF	LLM-assisted Explicit and Implicit Multi-interest Learning Framework for Sequential Recommendation	Score-based	QWen (N)	N/A
2024.11 / arXiv'24	LLM4IDRec	Enhancing ID-based Recommendation with Large Language Models	Text-based	LLaMA2-7B (F)	N/A
2025.1 / WWW'25	SampleLLM	SampleLLM: Optimizing Tabular Data Synthesis in Recommendations	Text-based	LLaMA3-70B (N)	N/A

3. Model Enhancement

Date / Venue	Model	Paper	Integration Type	Foundation Model (Finetuned/Non-finetuned)	Code
2023.8 / arXiv'23	CTRL	CTRL: Connect Collaborative and Language Model for CTR Prediction	Model Initialization	ChatGLM-6B (F)	N/A
2023.9 / RecSys'23	LLM	Leveraging Large Language Models for Sequential Recommendation	Model Initialization	text-embedding-ada-002 (N)	Link
2023.10 / RecSys'24	FLIP	FLIP: Towards Fine-grained Alignment between ID-based Models and Pretrained Language Models for CTR Prediction	Model Initialization	TinyBERT	Link
2023.10 / WWW'24	RLMRec	Representation Learning with Large Language Models for Recommendation	Embedding Guidance	text-embedding-ada-002 (N) + GPT-3.5 (N)	Link
2023.11 / WWW'24	SINGLE	Modeling User Viewing Flow using Large Language Models for Article Recommendation	Embedding Utilization	ChatGLM-6B (F)	N/A
2024.2 / arXiv'24	LEADER	Large Language Model Distilling Medication Recommendation Model	Model Distillation	LLaMA-7B (F)	Link
2024.2 / arXiv'24	LLM2X	Improving Sequential Recommendations with LLMs	Model Initialization	text-embedding-ada-002 (N)	Link
2024.2 / arXiv'24	LLM4SBR	LLM4SBR: A Lightweight and Effective Framework for Integrating Large Language Models in Session-based Recommendation	Embedding Guidance	QWen-7B (N)	N/A
2024.2 / arXiv'24	TedRec	Sequence-level Semantic Representation Fusion for Recommender Systems	Embedding Utilization	LLaMA2-7B (N), T5 (N)	Link
2024.3 / CIKM'24	LLM-CF	Large Language Models Enhanced Collaborative Filtering	Embedding Utilization	LLaMA2-7B (F)	Link
2024.3 / CIKM'24	LoID	Enhancing Content-based Recommendation via Large Language Model	Embedding Utilization	BERT (F)	Link
2024.3 / arXiv'24	LSVCR	A Large Language Model Enhanced Sequential Recommender for Joint Video and Comment Recommendation	Embedding Utilization	ChatGLM3-6B (F)	Link
2024.3 / SIGIR'24	BAHE	Breaking the Length Barrier: LLM-Enhanced CTR Prediction in Long Textual User Behaviors	Embedding Utilization	QWen-8B (F)	N/A
2024.3 / SIGIR'24	LRD	Sequential Recommendation with Latent Relations based on Large Language Model	Embedding Utilization	text-embedding-ada-002 (N)	Link
2024.3 / WWW'24	SLIM	Can Small Language Models be Good Reasoners for Sequential Recommendation?	Model Initialization	LLaMA2-7B (F)	N/A
2024.3 / WWW'24	NoteLLM	NoteLLM: A Retrievable Large Language Model for Note Recommendation	Embedding Utilization	LLaMA2-7B (F)	N/A
2024.5 / NeurIPS'24	LLM-ESR	LLMESR: Large Language Models Enhancement for Long-tailed Sequential Recommendation	Embedding Utilization / Embedding Guidance	text-embedding-ada-002 (N)	Link
2024.5 / WWW'24	SAID	Enhancing sequential recommendation via LLM-based item semantic embedding learning	Model Initialization	LLaMA2-7B (F)	N/A
2024.5 / arXiv'24	CELA	CELA: Cost-Efficient Language Model Alignment for CTR Prediction	Embedding Utilization	OPT-1.3B (F)	N/A
2024.5 / arXiv'24	DLLM2Rec	Distillation Matters: Empowering Sequential Recommenders to Match the Performance of Large Language Models	Model Distillation	LLaMA2-7B (F)	N/A
2024.5 / arXiv'24	DynLLM	DynLLM: When Large Language Models Meet Dynamic Graph Recommendation	Embedding Utilization	QWen-max-1201 (N) + text-embedding-v2 (N)	N/A
2024.5 / RecSys'24	EmbSum	EmbSum: Leveraging the Summarization Capabilities of Large Language Models for Content-Based Recommendations	Embedding Utilization	T5-small (F) + Mistral-8*22B (N)	N/A
2024.5 / arXiv'24	LEARN	Knowledge Adaptation from Large Language Model to Recommendation for Practical Industrial Application	Model Initialization	Baichuan2-7B (N)	N/A
2024.5 / arXiv'24	NoteLLM-2	NoteLLM-2: Multimodal Large Representation Models for Recommendation	Embedding Utilization	LLaMA2 (F) / QWen (F)	N/A
2024.5 / arXiv'24	SLMRec	SLMRec: Empowering Small Language Models for Sequential Recommendation	Model Distillation	LLaMA-7B (F)	N/A
2024.6 / FCS'24	Laser	Large Language Models Make Sample-Efficient Recommender Systems	Embedding Utilization	Mistral-7B (F) / Vicuna-7B (F) / Vicuna-13B (F)	N/A
2024.6 / CIKM'24	LLM4MSR	LLM4MSR: An LLM-Enhanced Paradigm for Multi-Scenario Recommendation	Embedding Guidance	ChatGLM-6B (N)	Link
2024.6 / arXiv'24	TSLRec	A Practice-Friendly Two-Stage LLM-Enhanced Paradigm in Sequential Recommendation	Model Initialization	LLaMA-13B (F)	N/A
2024.7 / arXiv'24	AlphaRec	Language Models Encode Collaborative Signals in Recommendation	Embedding Utilization	text-embedding-3-large (N)	Link
2024.8 / arXiv'24	DaRec	DaRec: A Disentangled Alignment Framework for Large Language Model and Recommender System	Embedding Guidance	GPT-3.5 (N) + text-embedding-ada-002 (N)	N/A
2024.8 / RecSys'24	LARR	LARR: Large Language Model Aided Real-time Scene Recommendation with Semantic Understanding	Embedding Utilization / Embedding Guidance	Baichuan-7B (F)	N/A
2024.9 / arXiv'24	Flare	FLARE: Fusing Language Models and Collaborative Architectures for Recommender Enhancement	Embedding Utilization	mT5 (N)	N/A
2024.9 / arXiv'24	HLLM	HLLM: Enhancing Sequential Recommendations via Hierarchical Large Language Models for Item and User Modeling	Embedding Utilization	TinyLLaMA-1.1B (F) / Baichuan2-7B (F)	Link
2024.9 / AAAI'25	LLMEmb	Large Language Model Empowered Embedding Generator for Sequential Recommendation	Embedding Initialization	LLaMA-7B (F)	Link
2024.11 / arXiv'24	HARec	HARec: Hyperbolic Graph-LLM Alignment for Exploration and Exploitation in Recommender Systems	Embedding Guidance	GPT-3.5 (N) + text-embedding-ada-02 (N) + LLaMA3-8B (N)	N/A
2024.11 / arXiv'24	LLMGPR	Unleashing the Power of Large Language Models for Group POI Recommendations	Embedding Utilization	LLaMA3-8B (F)	N/A
2024.11 / arXiv'24	QARM	QARM: Quantitative Alignment Multi-Modal Recommendation at Kuaishou	Embedding Utilization	Unknown	N/A
2024.12 / arXiv'24	Molar	Molar: Multimodal LLMs with Collaborative Filtering Alignment for Enhanced Sequential Recommendation	Embedding Utilization	QWen2-VL-2B (N)	Link
2024.12 / arXiv'24	PRECISE	PRECISE: Pre-training Sequential Recommenders with Collaborative and Semantic Information	Embedding Utilization	QWen2 (N)	N/A
2024.12 / arXiv'24	PAD	Pre-train, Align, and Disentangle: Empowering Sequential Recommendation with Large Language Models	Embedding Utilization	LLaMA3-8B (F)	N/A
2025.1 / arXiv'25	RecG	A Zero-Shot Generalization Framework for LLM-Driven Cross-Domain Sequential Recommendation	Embedding Utilization	LLaMA3-8B (N)	N/A
2025.2 / arXiv'25	IRLLRec	Intent Representation Learning with Large Language Model for Recommendation	Embedding Guidance	GPT-4o (N) / text-embedding-3-large	Link
2025.3 / arXiv'25	LLMInit	LLMInit: A Free Lunch from Large Language Models for Selective Initialization of Recommendation	Embedding Initialization	QWen2-1.5B	N/A

Beside, we also conclude existing surveys about Large Language Model for Recommender Systems as follows.

LLM4RS Survey

Date / Venue	Paper	Institution	Repo
2023.6 / WWWJ'24	A Survey on Large Language Models for Recommendation	USTC, BOSS, HKUST	Link
2023.6 / TOIS'24	How Can Recommender Systems Benefit from Large Language Models: A Survey	SJTU, Noah's Ark	Link
2023.7 / TKDE'24	Recommender Systems in the Era of Large Language Models (LLMs)	PolyU, NUDT, Amazon, CityU, MSU	N/A
2023.7 / WWWJ'24	When Large Language Models Meet Personalization: Perspectives of Challenges and Opportunities	HKUST, BAAI, USTC, UESTC	N/A
2024.9 / COLING'24	Large Language Models for Generative Recommendation: A Survey and Visionary Discussions	HKBU, Rutgers	N/A
2024.2 / arXiv'24	Foundation Models for Recommender Systems: A Survey and New Perspectives	UNSW, Adobe, Gatech, ETH, CSIRO, UCSD	N/A
2024.3 / arXiv'24	Exploring the Impact of Large Language Models on Recommender Systems: An Extensive Review	SCU, Stanford, CMU	N/A
2024.4 / arXiv'24	A Survey of Generative Search and Recommendation in the Era of Large Language Models	PolyU, NUS, USTC, CAS, HIT	N/A
2024.6 / arXiv'24	Survey for Landing Generative AI in Social and E-commerce Recsys – the Industry Perspectives	Linkdin, Amazon, Tiktok, Rutgers, Microsoft	N/A
2024.7 / arXiv'24	All Roads Lead to Rome: Unveiling the Trajectory of Recommender Systems Across the LLM Era	Noah's Ark	N/A