use single source for go version

[zhzhuang-zju]

What type of PR is this?
/kind cleanup

What this PR does / why we need it:
The setup-go action is the recommended way of using Go with GitHub Actions, because it helps ensure consistent behavior across different runners and different versions of Go. At present, we still have the following workflows for which the Go version has not been specified：

• .github/workflows/ci-image-scanning.yaml
• .github/workflows/dockerhub-latest-chart.yml
• .github/workflows/dockerhub-released-chart.yml
• .github/workflows/lint-chart.yaml

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:
When the Go version is not specified, the Go version in the CI environment may not match the one in the go.mod file. For example, recent vulnerability scans for the release-1.10 version did not properly identify vulnerabilities in gobinary. Upon investigation, it was found that the inconsistency between the Go version in the CI environment and the one specified in the go.mod file caused this issue.
image-scan-with-set-up-go
image-scan-without-set-up-go

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?:

[liangyuanpeng]

For example, recent vulnerability scans for the release-1.10 version did not properly identify vulnerabilities in gobinary

nice catch!

/lgtm
/approve
/hold In case anyone else wants to take a look.

feel free to unhold after a period of time

[karmada-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: liangyuanpeng

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Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 28.91%. Comparing base (223e54e) to head (64c44b0).

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Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master    #5360   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   28.90%   28.91%           
=======================================
  Files         632      632           
  Lines       43862    43862           
=======================================
+ Hits        12678    12681    +3     
+ Misses      30269    30268    -1     
+ Partials      915      913    -2     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	28.91% <ø> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

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[XiShanYongYe-Chang]

/lgtm

[liangyuanpeng]

/unhold

[RainbowMango]

/lgtm