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# 实验三:过程建模 | ||
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## 一、实验目标 | ||
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1. 掌握过程建模方法; | ||
2. 掌握活动图的画法。(Activity Diagram) | ||
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## 二、实验内容 | ||
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1. 设计活动与操作; | ||
2. 画出活动图。 | ||
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## 三、实验步骤 | ||
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1. 完善实验二用例规约; | ||
2. 创建两个活动图:新增场次活动图、设置票价和数量活动图; | ||
3. 根据用例规约添加活动过程和分支; | ||
4. 使用不同的颜色标出重点过程(Action); | ||
5. 活动图排版; | ||
6. 编写实验文档。 | ||
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## 四、实验结果 | ||
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![新增场次活动图](https://github.com/stop-imagine/uml-modeling-2020/blob/master/students/1714080902325/Lab3_ActivityDiagram1.jpg) | ||
图1:新增场次的活动图 | ||
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![设置票价和数量活动图](https://github.com/stop-imagine/uml-modeling-2020/blob/master/students/1714080902325/Lab3_ActivityDiagram2.jpg) | ||
图2:设置票价和数量的活动图 | ||
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## 五、实验体会 | ||
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1. 实验前要对本地库进行git pull进行同步修改; | ||
2. 使用不用的颜色标出系统的重点过程(Action); | ||
3. 活动图尽量不要出现交叉的连线,保持美观。 |
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# 实验四、五:类建模、高级类建模 | ||
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## 一、实验目标 | ||
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1. 掌握类建模方法; | ||
2. 了解MVC或你熟悉的设计模式; | ||
3. 掌握类图的画法;(Class Diagram) | ||
4. 理解类的5中关系; | ||
5. 掌握类之间关系的画法。 | ||
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## 二、实验内容 | ||
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1. 基于MVC模式设计类; | ||
2. 设计类的关系; | ||
3. 画出类图。 | ||
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## 三、实验步骤 | ||
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1. 完善实验三过程建模和实验二用例规约,提取用例中的类; | ||
2. 创建两个类图:新增场次类图、设置票价和数量类图; | ||
3. 学习MVC模式,理解类之间的5种关系 | ||
- 依赖(Dependency) | ||
- 关联(Association) | ||
- 聚合(Aggregation) | ||
- 组合(Composition)"has-a" | ||
- 继承(Inheritance)"is-a" | ||
4. 使用MVC模式画类图; | ||
5. 编写实验文档。 | ||
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## 四、实验结果 | ||
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![新增场次的类图](https://github.com/stop-imagine/uml-modeling-2020/blob/master/students/1714080902325/Lab45_ClassDiagram1.jpg) | ||
图1:新增场次的类图 | ||
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![设置票价和数量的类图](https://github.com/stop-imagine/uml-modeling-2020/blob/master/students/1714080902325/Lab45_ClassDiagram2.jpg) | ||
图2:设置票价和数量的类图 | ||
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## 五、实验体会 | ||
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1. 设计模式方面的知识涉略较浅,此前对MVC模式尚有一点了解; | ||
2. 本系统选用MVC模式设计,MVC模式是一种软件框架模式,被广泛应用在JavaEE项目的开发中; | ||
3. 实验过程中加深了对类之间关系的理解,特别是“组合”与“继承”之间的区别和联系; | ||
4. 尽管“继承”属于OOP三大特性之一(其最大的优点就是扩展简单),但大多数缺点都很致命,因为这个扩展简单的优点太明显了,很多人并不深入思考,造成了许多问题; | ||
5. 在UML设计中,应注意每一个符号的作用,切勿随意使用。 |
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# 实验六:交互建模 | ||
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## 一、实验目标 | ||
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1. 理解系统交互; | ||
2. 掌握UML顺序图的画法; | ||
3. 掌握对象交互的定义和建模方法。 | ||
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## 二、实验内容 | ||
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1. 根据用例模型和类模型,确定功能所涉及的系统对象; | ||
2. 在顺序图上画出参与者; | ||
3. 在顺序图上画出消息。 | ||
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## 三、实验步骤 | ||
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1. 修改前面的实验,完善类图; | ||
2. 创建两个顺序图:新增场次顺序图、设置票价和数量顺序图; | ||
3. 根据类图确定"1 + N"参与者; | ||
4. 根据用例规约和活动图,确定消息通信; | ||
5. 编写实验文档。 | ||
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## 四、实验结果 | ||
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![新增场次的顺序图](https://github.com/stop-imagine/uml-modeling-2020/blob/master/students/1714080902325/Lab6_SequenceDiagram1.jpg) | ||
图1:新增场次的顺序图 | ||
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![设置票价和数量的顺序图](https://github.com/stop-imagine/uml-modeling-2020/blob/master/students/1714080902325/Lab6_SequenceDiagram2.jpg) | ||
图2:设置票价和数量的顺序图 | ||
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## 五、实验体会 | ||
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1. 顺序图中的顺序,仅表示执行前后顺序,不表示时间跨度; | ||
2. 实验过程有点类似于迭代式开发,快速设计和实现,并根据老师和同学的反馈,及时对系统模型设计做出调整,因此"反馈"是一个很重要的环节。 |
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# 实验七:状态建模 | ||
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## 一、实验目标 | ||
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1. 掌握对象状态建模(状态图,Statechart)。 | ||
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## 二、实验内容 | ||
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1. 观看视频学习对象的状态概念和状态建模; | ||
2. 提取选题中的对象并分析其状态; | ||
3. 画出状态图。 | ||
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## 三、实验步骤 | ||
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1. 寻找一个关键的状态:演唱会门票; | ||
2. 设计演唱会门票的关键状态:已上线的、已售的、过期的; | ||
3. 设计状态之间的转变条件; | ||
4. 编写实验文档。 | ||
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## 四、实验结果 | ||
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![演唱会门票的状态图](https://github.com/stop-imagine/uml-modeling-2020/blob/master/students/1714080902325/Lab7_StatechartDiagram.jpg) | ||
图1:演唱会门票的状态图 | ||
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## 五、实验体会 | ||
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1. 描述状态是一个形容词,不能写不存在的状态; | ||
2. 分析对象的状态时,不要拘束于自己所选择的功能; | ||
3. 整个状态图都是在描述一个对象。 |
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