feat(client): redesign the Connect trait

The original `Connect` trait had some limitations:

- There was no way to provide more details to the connector about how to
  connect, other than the `Uri`.
- There was no way for the connector to return any extra information
  about the connected transport.
- The `Error` was forced to be an `std::io::Error`.
- The transport and future had `'static` requirements.

As hyper gains HTTP/2 support, some of these things needed to be
changed. We want to allow the user to configure whether they hope to
us ALPN to start an HTTP/2 connection, and the connector needs to be
able to return back to hyper if it did so.

The new `Connect2` trait is meant to solve this.

- The `connect` method now receives a `Destination` type, instead of a
  `Uri`. This allows us to include additional data about how to connect.
- The `Future` returned from `connect` now must be a `Connected`, which
  wraps the transport, and includes possibly extra data about what
  happened when connecting.

The `Connect` trait is deprecated, with the hopes of `Connect2` taking
it's place in the next breaking release. For backwards compatibility,
any type that implements `Connect` now will automaticall implement
`Connect2`, ignoring any of the extra data from `Destination` and
`Connected`.

src/client/compat.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 //! Wrappers to build compatibility with the `http` crate.
 
+use std::io;
+
 use futures::{Future, Poll, Stream};
 use http;
 use tokio_service::Service;
 
-use client::{Connect, Client, FutureResponse};
+use client::{Connect2, Client, FutureResponse};
 use error::Error;
 use proto::Body;
 
@@ -19,7 +21,9 @@ pub(super) fn client<C, B>(client: Client<C, B>) -> CompatClient<C, B> {
 }
 
 impl<C, B> Service for CompatClient<C, B>
-where C: Connect,
+where C: Connect2<Error=io::Error>,
+      C::Transport: 'static,
+      C::Future: 'static,
       B: Stream<Error=Error> + 'static,
       B::Item: AsRef<[u8]>,
 {

src/client/connect.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+//! Contains the `Connect2` trait, and supporting types.
 use std::error::Error as StdError;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::io;
 use std::mem;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-//use std::net::SocketAddr;
 
 use futures::{Future, Poll, Async};
 use futures::future::{Executor, ExecuteError};
@@ -16,31 +16,74 @@ use tokio_service::Service;
 use Uri;
 
 use super::dns;
+use self::http_connector::HttpConnectorBlockingTask;
+
+/// Connect to a destination, returning an IO transport.
+pub trait Connect2 {
+    /// The connected IO Stream.
+    type Transport: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite;
+    /// An error occured when trying to connect.
+    type Error;
+    /// A Future that will resolve to the connected Transport.
+    type Future: Future<Item=Connected<Self::Transport>, Error=Self::Error>;
+    /// Connect to a destination.
+    fn connect(&self, dst: Destination) -> Self::Future;
+}
 
-/// A connector creates an Io to a remote address..
-///
-/// This trait is not implemented directly, and only exists to make
-/// the intent clearer. A connector should implement `Service` with
-/// `Request=Uri` and `Response: Io` instead.
-pub trait Connect: Service<Request=Uri, Error=io::Error> + 'static {
-    /// The connected Io Stream.
-    type Output: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + 'static;
-    /// A Future that will resolve to the connected Stream.
-    type Future: Future<Item=Self::Output, Error=io::Error> + 'static;
-    /// Connect to a remote address.
-    fn connect(&self, Uri) -> <Self as Connect>::Future;
+/// A set of properties to describe where and how to try to connect.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Destination {
+    pub(super) alpn: Alpn,
+    pub(super) uri: Uri,
 }
 
-impl<T> Connect for T
-where T: Service<Request=Uri, Error=io::Error> + 'static,
-      T::Response: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite,
-      T::Future: Future<Error=io::Error>,
-{
-    type Output = T::Response;
-    type Future = T::Future;
+/// Extra information about the connected transport.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Connected<T> {
+    alpn: Alpn,
+    pub(super) transport: T,
+}
 
-    fn connect(&self, url: Uri) -> <Self as Connect>::Future {
-        self.call(url)
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(super) enum Alpn {
+    Http1,
+    H2,
+}
+
+impl Destination {
+    /// Get a reference to the requested `Uri`.
+    pub fn uri(&self) -> &Uri {
+        &self.uri
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether this connection must negotiate HTTP/2 via ALPN.
+    pub fn h2(&self) -> bool {
+        match self.alpn {
+            Alpn::Http1 => false,
+            Alpn::H2 => true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Connected<T> {
+    /// Create new `Connected` type with empty metadata.
+    pub fn new(transport: T) -> Connected<T> {
+        Connected {
+            alpn: Alpn::Http1,
+            transport: transport,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Convert into the underlyinng Transport.
+    pub fn into_transport(self) -> T {
+        self.transport
+    }
+
+    /// Set that the connected transport negotiated HTTP/2 as it's
+    /// next protocol.
+    pub fn h2(&mut self) -> &mut Connected<T> {
+        self.alpn = Alpn::H2;
+        self
     }
 }
 
@@ -96,6 +139,8 @@ impl fmt::Debug for HttpConnector {
     }
 }
 
+// deprecated, will be gone in 0.12
+#[doc(hidden)]
 impl Service for HttpConnector {
     type Request = Uri;
     type Response = TcpStream;
@@ -258,23 +303,27 @@ impl ConnectingTcp {
     }
 }
 
-/// Blocking task to be executed on a thread pool.
-pub struct HttpConnectorBlockingTask {
-    work: oneshot::Execute<dns::Work>
-}
+// Make this Future unnameable outside of this crate.
+mod http_connector {
+    use super::*;
+    // Blocking task to be executed on a thread pool.
+    pub struct HttpConnectorBlockingTask {
+        pub(super) work: oneshot::Execute<dns::Work>
+    }
 
-impl fmt::Debug for HttpConnectorBlockingTask {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.pad("HttpConnectorBlockingTask")
+    impl fmt::Debug for HttpConnectorBlockingTask {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+            f.pad("HttpConnectorBlockingTask")
+        }
     }
-}
 
-impl Future for HttpConnectorBlockingTask {
-    type Item = ();
-    type Error = ();
+    impl Future for HttpConnectorBlockingTask {
+        type Item = ();
+        type Error = ();
 
-    fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<(), ()> {
-        self.work.poll()
+        fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<(), ()> {
+            self.work.poll()
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -288,20 +337,97 @@ impl Executor<oneshot::Execute<dns::Work>> for HttpConnectExecutor {
     }
 }
 
-/*
-impl<S: SslClient> HttpsConnector<S> {
-    /// Create a new connector using the provided SSL implementation.
-    pub fn new(s: S) -> HttpsConnector<S> {
-        HttpsConnector {
-            http: HttpConnector::default(),
-            ssl: s,
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[deprecated(since="0.11.16", note="Use the Connect2 trait, which will become Connect in 0.12")]
+pub trait Connect: Service<Request=Uri, Error=io::Error> + 'static {
+    /// The connected Io Stream.
+    type Output: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + 'static;
+    /// A Future that will resolve to the connected Stream.
+    type Future: Future<Item=Self::Output, Error=io::Error> + 'static;
+    /// Connect to a remote address.
+    fn connect(&self, Uri) -> <Self as Connect>::Future;
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+impl<T> Connect for T
+where T: Service<Request=Uri, Error=io::Error> + 'static,
+      T::Response: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite,
+      T::Future: Future<Error=io::Error>,
+{
+    type Output = T::Response;
+    type Future = T::Future;
+
+    fn connect(&self, url: Uri) -> <Self as Connect>::Future {
+        self.call(url)
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+impl<T> Connect2 for T
+where
+    T: Connect,
+{
+    type Transport = <T as Connect>::Output;
+    type Error = io::Error;
+    type Future = ConnectToConnect2Future<<T as Connect>::Future>;
+
+    fn connect(&self, dst: Destination) -> <Self as Connect2>::Future {
+        ConnectToConnect2Future {
+            inner: <Self as Connect>::connect(self, dst.uri),
         }
     }
 }
-*/
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[deprecated(since="0.11.16")]
+#[allow(missing_debug_implementations)]
+pub struct ConnectToConnect2Future<F> {
+    inner: F,
+}
+
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+impl<F> Future for ConnectToConnect2Future<F>
+where
+    F: Future,
+{
+    type Item = Connected<F::Item>;
+    type Error = F::Error;
+
+    fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
+        self.inner.poll()
+            .map(|async| async.map(Connected::new))
+    }
+}
+
+// even though deprecated, we need to make sure the HttpConnector still
+// implements Connect (and Service apparently...)
+
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+fn _assert_http_connector() {
+    fn assert_connect<T>()
+    where
+        T: Connect2<
+            Transport=TcpStream,
+            Error=io::Error,
+            Future=ConnectToConnect2Future<HttpConnecting>
+        >,
+        T: Connect<Output=TcpStream, Future=HttpConnecting>,
+        T: Service<
+            Request=Uri,
+            Response=TcpStream,
+            Future=HttpConnecting,
+            Error=io::Error
+        >,
+    {}
+
+    assert_connect::<HttpConnector>();
+}
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    #![allow(deprecated)]
     use std::io;
     use tokio::reactor::Core;
     use super::{Connect, HttpConnector};

src/client/mod.rs

@@ -24,11 +24,14 @@ use version::HttpVersion;
 
 pub use proto::response::Response;
 pub use proto::request::Request;
-pub use self::connect::{HttpConnector, Connect};
+pub use self::connect::{Connect2, HttpConnector};
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+pub use self::connect::Connect;
 
 use self::background::{bg, Background};
+use self::connect::Destination;
 
-mod connect;
+pub mod connect;
 mod dns;
 mod pool;
 #[cfg(feature = "compat")]
@@ -99,7 +102,9 @@ impl<C, B> Client<C, B> {
 }
 
 impl<C, B> Client<C, B>
-where C: Connect,
+where C: Connect2<Error=io::Error>,
+      C::Transport: 'static,
+      C::Future: 'static,
       B: Stream<Error=::Error> + 'static,
       B::Item: AsRef<[u8]>,
 {
@@ -149,7 +154,9 @@ impl Future for FutureResponse {
 }
 
 impl<C, B> Service for Client<C, B>
-where C: Connect,
+where C: Connect2<Error=io::Error>,
+      C::Transport: 'static,
+      C::Future: 'static,
       B: Stream<Error=::Error> + 'static,
       B::Item: AsRef<[u8]>,
 {
@@ -195,15 +202,19 @@ where C: Connect,
             let executor = self.executor.clone();
             let pool = self.pool.clone();
             let pool_key = Rc::new(domain.to_string());
-            self.connector.connect(url)
-                .and_then(move |io| {
+            let dst = Destination {
+                uri: url,
+                alpn: self::connect::Alpn::Http1,
+            };
+            self.connector.connect(dst)
+                .and_then(move |connected| {
                     let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(0);
                     let tx = HyperClient {
                         tx: RefCell::new(tx),
                         should_close: true,
                     };
                     let pooled = pool.pooled(pool_key, tx);
-                    let conn = proto::Conn::<_, _, proto::ClientTransaction, _>::new(io, pooled.clone());
+                    let conn = proto::Conn::<_, _, proto::ClientTransaction, _>::new(connected.transport, pooled.clone());
                     let dispatch = proto::dispatch::Dispatcher::new(proto::dispatch::Client::new(rx), conn);
                     executor.execute(dispatch.map_err(|e| debug!("client connection error: {}", e)))?;
                     Ok(pooled)
@@ -384,7 +395,9 @@ impl<C, B> Config<C, B> {
 }
 
 impl<C, B> Config<C, B>
-where C: Connect,
+where C: Connect2<Error=io::Error>,
+      C::Transport: 'static,
+      C::Future: 'static,
       B: Stream<Error=::Error>,
       B::Item: AsRef<[u8]>,
 {