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...ncies required to capture the video. Install them first with the `smarts[gym]` extras.":q
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SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF LLEESSSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS | ||
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Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, _N. | ||
Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if _N is given. | ||
A key preceded by a caret indicates the Ctrl key; thus ^K is ctrl-K. | ||
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h H Display this help. | ||
q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit. | ||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
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MMOOVVIINNGG | ||
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e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or _N lines). | ||
y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or _N lines). | ||
f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or _N lines). | ||
b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or _N lines). | ||
z * Forward one window (and set window to _N). | ||
w * Backward one window (and set window to _N). | ||
ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file. | ||
d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). | ||
u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). | ||
ESC-) RightArrow * Right one half screen width (or _N positions). | ||
ESC-( LeftArrow * Left one half screen width (or _N positions). | ||
ESC-} ^RightArrow Right to last column displayed. | ||
ESC-{ ^LeftArrow Left to first column. | ||
F Forward forever; like "tail -f". | ||
ESC-F Like F but stop when search pattern is found. | ||
r ^R ^L Repaint screen. | ||
R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input. | ||
--------------------------------------------------- | ||
Default "window" is the screen height. | ||
Default "half-window" is half of the screen height. | ||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
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SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG | ||
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/_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search forward for (_N-th) matching line. | ||
?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search backward for (_N-th) matching line. | ||
n * Repeat previous search (for _N-th occurrence). | ||
N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction. | ||
ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files. | ||
ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files. | ||
ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting. | ||
&_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Display only matching lines | ||
--------------------------------------------------- | ||
A search pattern may begin with one or more of: | ||
^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines. | ||
^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE). | ||
^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?). | ||
^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position). | ||
^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS. | ||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
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JJUUMMPPIINNGG | ||
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g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line _N). | ||
G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line _N). | ||
p % * Go to beginning of file (or _N percent into file). | ||
t * Go to the (_N-th) next tag. | ||
T * Go to the (_N-th) previous tag. | ||
{ ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ]. | ||
} ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [. | ||
ESC-^F _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find close bracket _<_c_2_>. | ||
ESC-^B _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find open bracket _<_c_1_> | ||
--------------------------------------------------- | ||
Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket | ||
matching the (_N-th) open bracket in the top line. | ||
Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket | ||
matching the (_N-th) close bracket in the bottom line. | ||
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m_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current top line with <letter>. | ||
M_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current bottom line with <letter>. | ||
'_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Go to a previously marked position. | ||
'' Go to the previous position. | ||
^X^X Same as '. | ||
ESC-M_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Clear a mark. | ||
--------------------------------------------------- | ||
A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter. | ||
Certain marks are predefined: | ||
^ means beginning of the file | ||
$ means end of the file | ||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
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CCHHAANNGGIINNGG FFIILLEESS | ||
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:e [_f_i_l_e] Examine a new file. | ||
^X^V Same as :e. | ||
:n * Examine the (_N-th) next file from the command line. | ||
:p * Examine the (_N-th) previous file from the command line. | ||
:x * Examine the first (or _N-th) file from the command line. | ||
:d Delete the current file from the command line list. | ||
= ^G :f Print current file name. | ||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
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MMIISSCCEELLLLAANNEEOOUUSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS | ||
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-_<_f_l_a_g_> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below]. | ||
--_<_n_a_m_e_> Toggle a command line option, by name. | ||
__<_f_l_a_g_> Display the setting of a command line option. | ||
___<_n_a_m_e_> Display the setting of an option, by name. | ||
+_c_m_d Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined. | ||
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!_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute the shell command with $SHELL. | ||
|XX_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe file between current pos & mark XX to shell command. | ||
s _f_i_l_e Save input to a file. | ||
v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR. | ||
V Print version number of "less". | ||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
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OOPPTTIIOONNSS | ||
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Most options may be changed either on the command line, | ||
or from within less by using the - or -- command. | ||
Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single | ||
character preceded by a -, or a name preceded by --. | ||
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-? ........ --help | ||
Display help (from command line). | ||
-a ........ --search-skip-screen | ||
Search skips current screen. | ||
-A ........ --SEARCH-SKIP-SCREEN | ||
Search starts just after target line. | ||
-b [_N] .... --buffers=[_N] | ||
Number of buffers. | ||
-B ........ --auto-buffers | ||
Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes. | ||
-c ........ --clear-screen | ||
Repaint by clearing rather than scrolling. | ||
-d ........ --dumb | ||
Dumb terminal. | ||
-D [_x_n_._n] . --color=_x_n_._n | ||
Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only) | ||
-e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF | ||
Quit at end of file. | ||
-f ........ --force | ||
Force open non-regular files. | ||
-F ........ --quit-if-one-screen | ||
Quit if entire file fits on first screen. | ||
-g ........ --hilite-search | ||
Highlight only last match for searches. | ||
-G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH | ||
Don't highlight any matches for searches. | ||
-h [_N] .... --max-back-scroll=[_N] | ||
Backward scroll limit. | ||
-i ........ --ignore-case | ||
Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase. | ||
-I ........ --IGNORE-CASE | ||
Ignore case in all searches. | ||
-j [_N] .... --jump-target=[_N] | ||
Screen position of target lines. | ||
-J ........ --status-column | ||
Display a status column at left edge of screen. | ||
-k [_f_i_l_e] . --lesskey-file=[_f_i_l_e] | ||
Use a lesskey file. | ||
-K ........ --quit-on-intr | ||
Exit less in response to ctrl-C. | ||
-L ........ --no-lessopen | ||
Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable. | ||
-m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT | ||
Set prompt style. | ||
-n -N .... --line-numbers --LINE-NUMBERS | ||
Don't use line numbers. | ||
-o [_f_i_l_e] . --log-file=[_f_i_l_e] | ||
Copy to log file (standard input only). | ||
-O [_f_i_l_e] . --LOG-FILE=[_f_i_l_e] | ||
Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite). | ||
-p [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] --pattern=[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] | ||
Start at pattern (from command line). | ||
-P [_p_r_o_m_p_t] --prompt=[_p_r_o_m_p_t] | ||
Define new prompt. | ||
-q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT | ||
Quiet the terminal bell. | ||
-r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS | ||
Output "raw" control characters. | ||
-s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines | ||
Squeeze multiple blank lines. | ||
-S ........ --chop-long-lines | ||
Chop (truncate) long lines rather than wrapping. | ||
-t [_t_a_g] .. --tag=[_t_a_g] | ||
Find a tag. | ||
-T [_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] --tag-file=[_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] | ||
Use an alternate tags file. | ||
-u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL | ||
Change handling of backspaces. | ||
-V ........ --version | ||
Display the version number of "less". | ||
-w ........ --hilite-unread | ||
Highlight first new line after forward-screen. | ||
-W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD | ||
Highlight first new line after any forward movement. | ||
-x [_N[,...]] --tabs=[_N[,...]] | ||
Set tab stops. | ||
-X ........ --no-init | ||
Don't use termcap init/deinit strings. | ||
-y [_N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[_N] | ||
Forward scroll limit. | ||
-z [_N] .... --window=[_N] | ||
Set size of window. | ||
-" [_c[_c]] . --quotes=[_c[_c]] | ||
Set shell quote characters. | ||
-~ ........ --tilde | ||
Don't display tildes after end of file. | ||
-# [_N] .... --shift=[_N] | ||
Horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width) | ||
--follow-name | ||
The F command changes files if the input file is renamed. | ||
--mouse | ||
Enable mouse input. | ||
--no-keypad | ||
Don't send termcap keypad init/deinit strings. | ||
--no-histdups | ||
Remove duplicates from command history. | ||
--rscroll=C | ||
Set the character used to mark truncated lines. | ||
--save-marks | ||
Retain marks across invocations of less. | ||
--use-backslash | ||
Subsequent options use backslash as escape char. | ||
--wheel-lines=N | ||
Each click of the mouse wheel moves N lines. | ||
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
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LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG | ||
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These keys can be used to edit text being entered | ||
on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen. | ||
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RightArrow ..................... ESC-l ... Move cursor right one character. | ||
LeftArrow ...................... ESC-h ... Move cursor left one character. | ||
ctrl-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w ... Move cursor right one word. | ||
ctrl-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b ... Move cursor left one word. | ||
HOME ........................... ESC-0 ... Move cursor to start of line. | ||
END ............................ ESC-$ ... Move cursor to end of line. | ||
BACKSPACE ................................ Delete char to left of cursor. | ||
DELETE ......................... ESC-x ... Delete char under cursor. | ||
ctrl-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE ........... Delete word to left of cursor. | ||
ctrl-DELETE .... ESC-DELETE .... ESC-X ... Delete word under cursor. | ||
ctrl-U ......... ESC (MS-DOS only) ....... Delete entire line. | ||
UpArrow ........................ ESC-k ... Retrieve previous command line. | ||
DownArrow ...................... ESC-j ... Retrieve next command line. | ||
TAB ...................................... Complete filename & cycle. | ||
SHIFT-TAB ...................... ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle. | ||
ctrl-L ................................... Complete filename, list all. | ||
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