Coupling CTSM with WRF (#1275)

[hsbadr]

TYPE: New Feature

KEYWORDS: WRF-CTSM coupling, Community Terrestrial Systems Model (CTSM), Community Land Model (CLM),
coupled land-atmosphere models

SOURCE: Negin Sobhani ¹ , Dave Lawrence ¹ , Bill Sacks ¹,
Sam Levis ², Mariana Vertenstein ¹, Dave Gill ¹, Mike Barlage ^1,3,
and Fei Chen ¹

¹ National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
² SLevis Consulting
³ National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)

DESCRIPTION OF CHANGES:
This PR includes the capability to couple WRF with Community Terrestrial Systems Model (CTSM) via LILAC
(Lightweight Infrastructure for Land-Atmosphere Coupling). CTSM can be used with WRF as one of WRF's land
surface model schemes by setting sf_surface_physics in the WRF namelist.input file:

&physics
sf_surface_physics = 6, 6, 6,
/

For instructions on how to run WRF with CTSM please check instructions on using CTSM with WRF.

LIST OF MODIFIED FILES:
M Registry/Registry.EM_COMMON
M arch/Config.pl
M arch/configure.defaults
M arch/postamble
M arch/preamble
A doc/README.CTSM
M dyn_em/module_first_rk_step_part1.F
M dyn_em/module_initialize_real.F
M dyn_em/solve_em.F
M main/depend.common
M phys/Makefile
M phys/module_physics_init.F
A phys/module_sf_ctsm.F
M phys/module_surface_driver.F
M share/input_wrf.F
M share/module_check_a_mundo.F
M wrftladj/solve_em_ad.F

TESTS CONDUCTED:

1. The jenkins tests are all passing.
2. Initial assessment of the performance of WRF-CTSM5(NWP) compared to WRF-Noah and WRF-NoahMP has been
   completed over the CONUS domain. Overall, we are finding that WRF-CTSM5(NWP) is performing reasonably well, in
   some cases even showing improved performance improvement. For example, the following plot shows the bias for
   maximum daily temperature from NOAH, NOAH-MP, and CTSM for June 2013 over METAR observation sites:

RELEASE NOTE:
The capability to couple CTSM with WRF is added and activated by setting namelist option sf_surface_physics to 6.
This is the initial beta release of WRF-CTSM coupling capability. For instructions on how to run WRF with CTSM please
check instructions on using CTSM with WRF.

The first line should be a single-line "purpose" for this change

TYPE: choose one of [bug fix, enhancement, new feature, feature removed, no impact, text only]

KEYWORDS: 5 to 10 words related to commit, separated by commas

SOURCE: Either "developer's name (affiliation)" .XOR. "internal" for a WRF Dev committee member

DESCRIPTION OF CHANGES:
Problem:
Generally or specifically, what was wrong and needed to be addressed?

Solution:
What was down algorithmically and in the source code to address the problem?

ISSUE: For use when this PR closes an issue.
Fixes wrf-model#123

LIST OF MODIFIED FILES: list of changed files (use git diff --name-status master to get formatted list)

TESTS CONDUCTED:

1. Do mods fix problem? How can that be demonstrated, and was that test conducted?
2. Are the Jenkins tests all passing?

RELEASE NOTE: Include a stand-alone message suitable for the inclusion in the minor and annual releases. A publication citation is appropriate.