Fix external auth reconnection loop if connection lost after refresh token expiration

[chriss158]

Breaking change

Proposed change

This PR fixes the bug described in the issue #7732. This bug was introduced with PR #7236.

The external auth module (which is used by the companion apps (iOS/Android)) doesn't survive a lost connection if the refresh token is expired. The process is fully described in the issue #7732

The problem occurs frequently more on devices which doesn't close/suspend the app if not used and therefore doesn't force close the connection by closing/suspending the app.

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (thank you!)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests

Example configuration

For better debugging, I lowered the refresh token expiration from 30 minutes to 1 minute in HA here:
https://github.com/home-assistant/core/blob/ac3a6aaa8cdb005b3c900f9d9671e5a859351060/homeassistant/auth/const.py#L4

To reproduce this problem you need to disable "Close connection automatically" in the profile settings (only if you didn't lower the refresh token expiration time < 5 minutes) and use the Home Assistant Companion App (Then the external auth module is used)

1. Open the app and let it open and wait for the refresh token timeout (30 minutes or if lowered the ACCESS_TOKE_EXPIRATION then X Minutes)
2. Right after the refresh token is expired, stop HA
3. Now wait till the App tries to reconnect and show the "Connection unsuccessful" popup with the "Wait/Retry/Settings" buttons.
   3a. Alternatively you can try to trigger a fetch from HA with auth (which needs a new refresh token), by opening e.g. the history tab.
4. Now start HA again.

Now we are in a reconnection loop and the frontend cannot connect anymore.
You will see in the Home Assistant log continuously following messages (Be sure to enable the websocket debug logs in HA)

logger:
  default: info
  logs:
    homeassistant.components.websocket_api: debug

2020-11-16 17:31:00 DEBUG (MainThread) [homeassistant.components.websocket_api.http.connection.140600942755264] Connected from ipaddress
2020-11-16 17:31:00 DEBUG (MainThread) [homeassistant.components.websocket_api.http.connection.140600942755264] Sending {'type': 'auth_required', 'ha_version': '0.117.6'}
2020-11-16 17:31:00 DEBUG (MainThread) [homeassistant.components.websocket_api.http.connection.140600942755264] Disconnected

Additional information

• This PR fixes or closes issue: fixes Reconnecting loop if connection is broken after 30 minutes #7732
• This PR is related to issue or discussion: Only do 1 token update a time #7236
• Link to documentation pull request:

Checklist

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• There is no commented out code in this PR.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works.

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated for www.home-assistant.io