Add regex-based filters to logger component

[jshufro]

Proposed change

Adds a section to component logger configuration for regex filters to suppress log messages based on patterns.

I've been using home-assistant for a variety of "mission critical" automations (i.e.: if these automations don't run, my pipes might freeze!). I'd like to set up a trigger based on the logging service that texts me on any log message, but it is unfortunately quite noisy. A degree of log suppression is provided by setting service log levels, but I would like finer-grained control.

Docs PR: home-assistant/home-assistant.io#17160

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New integration (thank you!)
• New feature (which adds functionality to an existing integration)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests

Example entry for configuration.yaml:

logger:
  default: info
  logs:
    some.service: debug
  filters:
    some.service:
     - "HTTP 429"
     - "^Temporary error:"
    some.other_service:
     - "Request to .*unreliable.com Timed Out"

Additional information

Implemented with care not to introduce any breaking changes :)

Checklist

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Local tests pass. Your PR cannot be merged unless tests pass
• There is no commented out code in this PR.
• I have followed the development checklist
• The code has been formatted using Black (black --fast homeassistant tests)
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works.

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated for www.home-assistant.io

If the code communicates with devices, web services, or third-party tools:

• The manifest file has all fields filled out correctly.
  Updated and included derived files by running: python3 -m script.hassfest.
• New or updated dependencies have been added to requirements_all.txt.
  Updated by running python3 -m script.gen_requirements_all.
• Untested files have been added to .coveragerc.

The integration reached or maintains the following Integration Quality Scale:

• No score or internal
• 🥈 Silver
• 🥇 Gold
• 🏆 Platinum

To help with the load of incoming pull requests:

• I have reviewed two other open pull requests in this repository.

[homeassistant]

Hi @jshufro,

It seems you haven't yet signed a CLA. Please do so here.

Once you do that we will be able to review and accept this pull request.

Thanks!

[probot-home-assistant]

Hey there @home-assistant/core, mind taking a look at this pull request as its been labeled with an integration (logger) you are listed as a codeowner for? Thanks!
_{^{(message by CodeOwnersMention)}}

[bdraco]

Please see comment above

[bdraco]

LGTM