Backport of Scoped config sources - protobuf & Bolt DB state into release/0.10.x

[hc-github-team-waypoint]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #4191 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/0.10.x.

WARNING automatic cherry-pick of commits failed. Commits will require human attention.

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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This PR updates the protobuf and the Bolt DB state implementation to support scoped configuration sources. Waypoint runners, the entrypoint, as well as the CLI continue to exclusively use the global scope, which continues to be the de facto scope in use with this PR. However, the changes in this PR lay the groundwork for forthcoming changes to the aforementioned "clients" of configuration sources. Some tests were also added for the config source Bolt DB state implementation.

The pr/no-changelog label is on this PR because there are no user-facing changes.

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