[VAULT-38910]: plugincontainer: upgrade docker to resolve GO-2025-3829

[ryancragun]

Update the docker dependency in pluginconatiner to resolve GO-2025-3829.

• Bumped the Go version in plugincontainer's go.mod to 1.24. Since the go.mod is used as the source of truth for the Go we test with in CI. It was required to build with the latest docker package.
• Change the test runner to ubuntu-22.04 instead of ubuntu-24.04 (ubuntu-latest) to resolve issues with rootlesskit on Ubuntu 24.04. I did briefly attempt to resolve the AppArmor issues on the Ubuntu 24.04 runner but ran into other networking permissions issues that I don't have time to look into right now.

PCI review checklist

• If applicable, I've documented a plan to revert these changes if they require more than reverting the pull request.
• If applicable, I've worked with GRC to document the impact of any changes to security controls.
  Examples of changes to controls include access controls, encryption, logging, etc.
• If applicable, I've worked with GRC to ensure compliance due to a significant change to the in-scope PCI environment.
  Examples include changes to operating systems, ports, protocols, services, cryptography-related components, PII processing code, etc.