Backport of [NET-8601] Upgrade vault/api and docker/docker to resolve open CVEs into release/1.2.x

[hc-github-team-consul-core]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #3837 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/1.2.x.

🚨

Warning automatic cherry-pick of commits failed. If the first commit failed,
you will see a blank no-op commit below. If at least one commit succeeded, you
will see the cherry-picked commits up to, not including, the commit where
the merge conflict occurred.

The person who merged in the original PR is:
@zalimeni
This person should manually cherry-pick the original PR into a new backport PR,
and close this one when the manual backport PR is merged in.

merge conflict error: POST https://api.github.com/repos/hashicorp/consul-k8s/merges: 409 Merge conflict []

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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Changes proposed in this PR

• upgrade vault/api to remove go-jose.v2 to resolve GO-2024-2631
• upgrade docker/docker to v25.0.5 to resolve GO-2024-2659

Created by running:

make go-mod-get DEP_VERSION=github.com/hashicorp/vault/api@v1.12.2
make go-mod-get DEP_VERSION=github.com/docker/docker@v25.0.5+incompatible

These unblock the 1.4.1 patch release, so will be backported to .x and point-release branches.

How I've tested this PR

CI and Security Scan pass.

Also ran scan repository . to confirm CVEs are resolved.

How I expect reviewers to test this PR

👀

Checklist

• Tests added
• CHANGELOG entry added

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Overview of commits

• 1711f31 - 9049c0d - cacd09b

[hashicorp-cla]

All committers have signed the CLA.