Dockerfile: bump Alpine base image to 3.17

[david-yu]

Changes proposed in this PR:

• Bump alpine base image to alpine:3.17

How I've tested this PR:

How I expect reviewers to test this PR:

Checklist:

• Tests added
• CHANGELOG entry added

  HashiCorp engineers only, community PRs should not add a changelog entry.
  Entries should use present tense (e.g. Add support for...)

[curtbushko]

Do we also need to update envoy-alpine? I see several references to it.

hack/helm-reference-gen/fixtures/full-values.yaml: imageEnvoy: "envoyproxy/envoy-alpine:v1.16.0"
hack/helm-reference-gen/fixtures/full-values.golden: - imageEnvoy ((#v-global-imageenvoy)) (string: envoyproxy/envoy-alpine:v1.16.0) - The name (and tag) of the Envoy Docker image used for the
CHANGELOG.md: * Changes default Envoy Docker image (-envoy-image) to envoyproxy/envoy-alpine:v1.13.0

CHANGELOG.md: * Changes default Envoy Docker image (-envoy-image) to envoyproxy/envoy-alpine:v1.13.0
charts/demo/templates/nginx.yaml: image: nginx:alpine

[david-yu]

@curtbushko It looks like that is mainly the fixtures within the helm gen docs and the changelog. So I don't think that is necessary. The nginx one is just an alpine tag so that should be maintained by the nginx repo.

[curtbushko]

LGTM!