Backport of [NET-8946 NET-8947 NET-8948] security: bump go, x/net and envoy versions into release/1.2.x

[hc-github-team-consul-core]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #474 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/1.2.

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The person who merged in the original PR is:
@zalimeni
This person should manually cherry-pick the original PR into a new backport PR,
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merge conflict error: POST https://api.github.com/repos/hashicorp/consul-dataplane/merges: 409 Merge conflict []

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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Description
Upgrade to use Go 1.21.9. This resolves CVEs
CVE-2023-45288 (http2).

Upgrade to support Envoy 1.28.2. This resolves CVEs
CVE-2024-27919 (http2).

Upgrade to use golang.org/x/net v0.24.0. This resolves CVEs
CVE-2023-45288 (x/net).

Checklist
Tests added
CHANGELOG entry added

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Overview of commits

• fa7b417 - 51ff6a1 - 90790c1

[github-team-consul-core-pr-approver]

Auto approved Consul Bot automated PR

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