Cherry-pick #8329 to v1.72.x

[eshitachandwani]

Original PR: #8329
Related Issue: #8327

RELEASE NOTES:

• client: restore support for NO_PROXY environment variable when connecting to locally-resolved addresses. This fixes a regression and restores historical grpc-go behavior (use case 2 from gRFC A1 ).

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 82.25%. Comparing base (3b5fa74) to head (531df95).
Report is 1 commits behind head on v1.72.x.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           v1.72.x    #8353      +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage    82.01%   82.25%   +0.23%     
===========================================
  Files          412      412              
  Lines        40382    40396      +14     
===========================================
+ Hits         33118    33226     +108     
+ Misses        5894     5821      -73     
+ Partials      1370     1349      -21     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
.../resolver/delegatingresolver/delegatingresolver.go	86.42% <100.00%> (+0.91%)	⬆️

... and 21 files with indirect coverage changes

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.