网站 ： ToyLang
Website: ToyLang
A python simple programming language，一个简单的python编程语言
-
最低
Python >= 3.10 -
推荐
Python = 3.12 -
Least
Python >= 3.10 -
Recommended
Python = 3.12
- 令牌 tokens
- "Hello World" -> 字符串 (string)
- 114514 | 114514.191810 -> 数字 (number)
- () -> 结构体 (structure)
- [] -> 数组 (array)
- {} -> 代码簇 (cluster)
- () | [] | {} -> 包罗符 (including)
| 关键字 | 用法 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|
| global | <Variable> | 声明一个全局变量 Global variable |
| private | <PrivatbleKeyWords> <Expression*> | 数据私有化 Data to be private |
| var | <Variable> = <Expression*> | 设置变量 Defined Variable |
| if | (<Condition*> | <Expression*>) {<CodesCluster>} | 如果 if |
| elseif | (<Condition*> | <Expression*>) {<CodesCluster>} | 否则如果 then |
| else | {<CodesCluster>} | 否则 else |
| for | <Variable> from <Expression*> to <Expression*> (step <Expression* -> 1>) {<CodesCluster>} | 次数循环 repeat times |
| foriter | <Variable> by (<Variable> | [Array]) | 迭代循环 iterate repeating |
| repeat | (meet | until) <Expression*> {<CodesCluster>} | 条件循环 condition repeat |
| function | <FunctionName> {<CodesCluster>} | 构建函数 build function |
| delete | <Variable> | 删除变量 delete variable |
| return | <Expression*> | 函数返回 Function return value |
| include | <Library> | <Module> | 导入库或模块 import library or modules |
| break | NULL | 跳出循环 jump out from repeating |
| continue | NULL | 跳出本次循环 jump once out of repeating |
| 内置函数 | 用法 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|
| println | <Expression*> -> Any | 输出信息到控制台 |
| readline | <Expression*> -> String | 读取用户输入 |
| int | <Expression*> -> INT | 将值转换为整型 |
| string | <Expression*> -> Any | 将值转换为字符串 |
| boolean | <Condition*> | 将值转换为布尔值 |
| array | <Expression*> -> String | 将值转换为数组 |
| length | <Expression*> -> String | 获取长度 |
| timestamp | (Null | [<Time>, (<TimeFormat> = "%Y-%m-%d %H:M%:%S")]) | 获取当前时间的时间戳 |
| calllist | <Object> -> Any | 获取对象所有可调用的列表 |
| idle | Null | 打开IDLE |
| run | <File> -> String | 运行tl源文件 |
- Time : 时间
- TimeFormat : 时间格式 time format
- PrivatableKeyWords : 可私有化关键字 private keyword
- var 定义变量 or define variable
- function 构建函数 or build function
- Variable : 变量名 variable name
- Condition : 条件表达式 condition expr
- Expression : 普通表达式 normal expr
- CodesCluster : 执行代码 execute code
- {} : 表示填入代码 type code
- <> : 表示参数 param
- () : 表示非必选参数
- (left | right) : 表示左边或右边的语法 left or right grammar
- (.?) -> (.?) : 表示默认值 default value
- | ： 表示"或" 'or'
【*】 IDLE new add idle_call_funciton_table variable, this need upload a dict, dict's key is called builtin function
name, value is called execute function
【*】 IDLE 新增idle_call_function_table的变量，该变量需传入一个字典；字典的键为调用的内置函数的名字，值为所对应的调用的执行函数
Default: {'println': print, 'readline': input}
默认：{'println': print, 'readline': input}
IDLE: {'println': self.println, 'readline': self.readline}
使用 分号 隔开代码簇的各个代码
Use Semi to separate codes in cluster
用法 Useage
<Variable> ? <Expression> : <Expression>
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | |
变量名 触发符 真表达式 真|假 假表达式示例 Example
true ? "值为真" : "值为假"用法 Useage
<Variable> -> <AnotherVaraibleName>
^ ^ ^
| | |
被别名的变量 符号 别名变量示例 Example
true -> True用法 Useage
(<Variable> | [Array] | [String])[<Variable> | [Number]]
^ ^
| |
被切片的 索引示例 Example
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6][1]
[1, 2, 3, 4 ,5 ,6][0]用法 Useage
function <FunctionName>(<Variable> = <Expression>) {<Expression>}
^
|
参等于Param equal示例 Example
function test(a, b=1) {return a + b;}
test(1);隐藏变量是指无法被正常通过
Father.Child.Variable的方式访问的变量（外部仍然可以通过$访问）
Hiden variable means cannot normally access by
Father.Child.Varaible(Outdoor still can access by$)
用法 Useage
var __<Variable>__ = <Expression*>
^ ^
| |
变量 开头末尾有"_"的变量示例 Example
var __test__ = '123'调用 Call
$__test__
采用梅森旋转算法生成伪随机数
Use Mersenne Twister Algorithm to generate pseudo random number
/* random generator by Mersenne Twister Algorithm */
var N = 624
var M = 397
var MATRIX_A = 0x9908B0DF
var UPPER_MASK = 0x80000000
var LOWER_MASK = 0x7FFFFFFF
var state = [0] * N
var index = N + 1
/* private twist function (Computing Core) */
private function twist() {
for i from 0 to N - 1 {
var x = (state[i] & UPPER_MASK) + (state[(i + 1) % N] & LOWER_MASK)
var xA = x >> 1;
if (x % 2 == 1) {
var xA = xA ^ MATRIX_A;
}
var state[i] = state[(i + M) % N] ^ xA;
}
var index = 0;
}
/* seed generator */
private function seed(seed_value=0) {
if seed_value == null {
var seed_value = int(timestamp(), true)
}
var state[0] = seed_value;
for i from 1 to N - 1 {
var state[i] = (1812433253 * (state[i - 1] ^ (state[i - 1] >> 30)) + i) & 0xFFFFFFFF
}
var index = 0
}
/* relay random generator */
private function retrack() {
seed()
if index >= N {
twist()
}
var y = state[index]
var y = y ^ ((y >> 11) & 0xFFFFFFFF)
var y = y ^ ((y << 7) & 0x9D2C5680)
var y = y ^ ((y << 15) & 0xEFC60000)
var y = y ^ (y >> 18)
var index = index + 1
return y & 0xFFFFFFFF
}
/* decimal random generator in range */
function uniform(a, b) {
global state, index
return a + (b - a) * (retrack() / 4294967295.0);
}
/* choose a random in range */
function rand(min, max) {
global state, index
var range = max - min + 1
return (retrack() % range) + min
}- random.retrack() 重置随机数 reset
- random.rand(x, y) 随机数生成(范围) random generator (range)
- random.uniform(x, y) 随机小数生成(范围) random decimal generator (range)
封装一些常用函数
Wrap some common functions
/* Multiple Function Package File 多函数包文件 */
/* fibonacci with factorial 递归斐波那契数列 */
function factorial_fib(n=10) {
var result = [];
function factor(i) {
if i < 2 {
return 1;
} else {
return factor(i - 2) + factor(i - 1);
}
}
for x from 0 to n {
var result = result + factor(x);
}
return result
}
/* fibonacci with Repeat 循环斐波那契数列 */
function repeat_fib(n=20) {
var result = [];
for i from 0 to n {
if i <= 1 {
var result = result + [1];
} else {
var result = result + (result[i-2] + result[i-1]);
}
}
return result;
}
/* mapping function */
function map(func, ld) {
var result = [];
for x from 0 to length(ld) - 1 {
var result = result + func(ld[x]);
}
return result;
}
/* access array element(s) */
function access(ld, i) {
return ld[i];
}
/* Compute Running Time */
function timer(func) {
var starttime = timestamp();
func();
return timestamp() - starttime;
}- factorial_fib(n=10) 递归斐波那契数列 factorial fibonacci
- repeat_fib(n=20) 循环斐波那契数列 repeat fibonacci
- map(func, ld) 映射函数 map function
- access(ld, i) 访问数组元素 access array element
- timer(func) 计算运行时间 compute running time
封装一些数学函数，注意：此数学库为 非标准 数学库，不支持所有数学函数，仅支持部分数学函数且计算可能不正确
Wrap some math functions, note: This math library is non-standard math library, does not support all math functions, only supports some math functions and the calculation may be incorrect.
/* non-Standard Math Libray */
/* Some normal constants */
var pi = 3.141592653589793
var e = 2.718281828459045
var tau = 6.283185307179586
/* Power */
function pow(n, p) {
return n ** p;
}
/* Absolute value */
function abs(n) {
if n < 0 {
return -n;
} else {
return n;
}
}
/* factorial */
function factorial(n) {
var result = 1;
for x from 1 to n {
var result = result * x;
}
return result;
}
/* Special factorial to compute trigonometric functions */
private function _factorial(n) {
if n == 0 or n == 1 {
return 1;
}
var result = 1;
for x from 2 to n {
var result = result * x;
}
return result
}
/* Square root */
function sqrt(n) {
return n ** 0.5;
}
/* Trigonometric 'cos' by Taylor series */
function cos(n, terms = 10) {
var result = 0;
for x from 0 to terms - 1 {
var term = ((-1) ** x) * (n ** (2 * x)) / _factorial(2 * x);
var result = result + term;
}
return result;
}
/* Trigonometric 'sin' by Taylor series */
function sin(n, terms = 10) {
var result = 0;
for x from 0 to terms - 1 {
var term = ((-1) ** x) * (n ** (2 * x + 1)) / _factorial(2 * x + 1);
var result = result + term;
}
return result;
}
/* Test each math function 'test' */
function test() {
var result = [];
var result = result + pow(2, 2);
var result = result + factorial(5);
var result = result + abs(5);
var result = result + abs(-5)
println(['math.pow(2, 2)', 'math.factorial(5)', 'math.abs(5)', 'math.abs(-5)']);
println(result)
var result = [];
var result = result + cos(pi / 2);
var result = result + sin(pi / 2);
println(['math.cos(pi / 2)', 'math.sin(pi / 2)']);
println(result)
println('Function end successfully')
return null;
}- pow(n, p) 幂运算 pow
- abs(n) 绝对值 abs
- factorial(n) 阶乘 factorial
- sqrt(n) 平方根 sqrt
- cos(n, terms = 10) 余弦 cos
- sin(n, terms = 10) 正弦 sin
- test() 测试函数 test