Adding a texture atlas extension

working on groups

finishing groups and adding tests

refactoring entries

more fixes and doc

finished

ext/README.md

@@ -8,16 +8,17 @@ to pushing Pixel to the next level.
 
 ## Extension List
 
+* [atlas](atlas/README.md) - Texture atlasing for more efficient rendering.
 * [gameloop](gameloop/README.md) - An extension that allows you to run a game loop in Pixel.
 * [imdraw](imdraw/README.md) - An extension that allows you to draw primitives in Pixel.
 * [text](text/README.md) - An extension that allows you to draw text in Pixel.
 
 
-## Creating a Plugin
+## Creating an Extension
 
-Plugins are just a collection of files that are placed in the `plugins` directory. The directory name
-is the name of the plugin. The plugin directory must contain a `README.md` file that describes the plugin.
-Make sure to provide some example code in the **README** so that users are aware of how to use the plugin.
+Extensions are just a collection of files that are placed in the `ext` directory. The directory name
+is the name of the extension. The extension directory must contain a `README.md` file that describes the extension.
+Make sure to provide some example code in the **README** so that users are aware of how to use the extension.
 
-You are encouraged to create an example of your plugin in the [pixel-examples](https://github.com/gopxl/pixel-examples). This will allow users
-to see your plugin in action and how to use it.
+You are encouraged to create an example of your extension in the [pixel-examples](https://github.com/gopxl/pixel-examples). This will allow users
+to see your extension in action and how to use it.

ext/atlas/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+# The Atlas Extension
+
+This extension provides an implementation of a texture atlas. A texture atlas groups individual textures together into a single texture that is sent to the GPU. This lessens the time spent switching GPU textures which can be expensive.
+
+## Usage
+
+You create an atlas by just declaring a variable:
+
+```go
+import "github.com/gopxl/pixel/v2/ext/atlas"
+
+var textures atlas.Atlas
+```
+
+No initialization needed! You're ready to start adding textures into the atlas.
+
+### Adding Textures
+
+There are a few supported ways to add textures to the atlas:
+1. Image Data
+2. Loading from a file
+3. Loading from an embedded file
+
+Each of these methods returns an `atlas.TextureId`, you'll need to keep track of this value as it's how you draw that individual texture.
+The `atlas` package doesn't not enforce how you store them. So you could store them statically in variables:
+
+```go
+var (
+   textures atlas.Atlas
+   texture1 = textures.AddFile("1.png")
+   texture2 = textures.AddFile("2.png")
+)
+```
+
+Or you could dump them into a map with names to lookup:
+
+```go
+func run() {
+   var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+   textureMap := make(map[string]atlas.TextureId)
+
+   textureMap["1"] = textures.AddFile("1.png")
+   textureMap["2"] = textures.AddFile("2.png")
+}
+```
+
+Or whatever other way you can come up with!
+
+##### Adding Image Data
+
+If you've already loaded an image and want to copy it into the atlas you can use this method.
+
+```go
+func run() {
+   var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+   f, err := os.Open("1.png")
+   defer f.Close()
+
+   i, err := png.Decode(f)
+
+   texture1 := textures.AddImage(i)
+}
+```
+
+##### Adding an Image File
+
+The atlas also has convience methods to load a file directly from the path.
+
+```go
+func run() {
+   var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+   texture1 := textures.AddFile("1.png")
+}
+```
+
+##### Adding an Embedded Image
+
+The atlas also supports Go's embedded file system.
+
+```go
+// go:embed 1.png
+var embedded embed.FS
+
+func run() {
+   var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+   texture1 := textures.AddEmbed(embedded, "1.png")
+}
+```
+
+#### Sliced Textures
+
+Sometimes, you already have a texture that contains multiple sprites of equal size in it; atlas can load these directly, cutting the single texture into multiple textures to easily use.
+
+Instead of an `atlas.TextureId`, creating a sliced texture returns an `atlas.SliceId`. This allows you to access the frames of the sliced texture; we'll show this in more detail later.
+
+Each of the `atlas.Slice` methods take an additional `pixel.Vec`. This is the sub-image size and it tells the atlas how to slice up the texture.
+
+Once you have a `atlas.SliceId`, you can use that to get all of the textures that were added to the atlas
+
+```go
+var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+sliced1 := textures.SliceFile("sheet.png", pixel.V(8, 8))
+walk0 := sliced1.Frame(0)
+walk1 := sliced1.Frame(1)
+```
+
+**Note:** If you attempt to index a non-existant frame, a panic will be raised.
+
+##### Slicing Image Data
+
+```go
+func run() {
+   var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+   f, err := os.Open("sheet1.png")
+   defer f.Close()
+
+   i, err := png.Decode(f)
+
+   sliced1 := textures.SliceImage(f, pixel.V(8, 8))
+}
+```
+
+##### Slicing Image File
+
+```go
+func run() {
+   var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+   sliced1 := textures.SliceFile("sheet1.png", pixel.V(8, 8))
+}
+```
+
+##### Slicing an Embedded Image
+
+```go
+// go:embed sheet1.png
+var embedded embed.FS
+
+func run() {
+   var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+   sheet1 := textures.SliceEmbed(embedded, "sheet1.png", pixel.V(8, 8))
+}
+```
+
+### Packing the Atlas
+
+Once you've added all of the textures to the atlas you wish, it needs to be packed.
+
+This sorts the added textures by size to minimize the atlas texture. It then creates as many `pixel.PictureData` textures as it needs to store everything, then copies all of the added images to those textures.
+
+```go
+var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+// ... use the Add* and/or Slice* methods to add textures
+
+textures.Pack()
+```
+
+### Drawing Atlas Textures
+
+#### Drawing TextureId
+
+When you have an `atlas.TextureId`, you can draw it to a `pixel.Target` normally.
+
+```go
+var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+sprite1 := textures.AddFile("1.png")
+
+textures.Pack()
+
+sprite1.Draw(win, pixel.IM.Moved(win.Bounds().Center()))
+```
+
+As you can see, it draws just like the `pixel.Sprite` does, but much more efficiently because this limits the amount of texture changing on the GPU.
+
+#### Drawing SliceId
+
+Drawing an `atlas.SliceId` is slightly different because you need to specify which frame of the sliced texture to draw.
+
+```go
+var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+sliced1 := textures.SliceFile("1.png", pixel.V(8, 8))
+
+textures.Pack()
+
+sliced1.Draw(win, pixel.IM.Moved(win.Bounds().Center()), 1)
+```
+
+This will draw the second (0-indexed) image in the sliced texture. The index is calculated left to right, top to bottom.
+
+--
+OR
+--
+
+You could expand out the `atlas.SliceId` into the `atlas.TextureId` that make it up.
+
+```go
+var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+sliced1 := textures.SliceFile("sheet.png")
+walk0 := sliced1.Frame(0)
+walk1 := sliced1.Frame(1)
+
+walk0.Draw(win, pixel.IM.Moved(win.Bounds().Center()))
+```
+
+### Groups
+
+Groups are a construct that allow logical grouping of textures for a couple of reasons:
+
+1. You want to have some static textures that are always in the atlas.
+2. You want to be able to remove level-specific textures without having to re-add the other textures.
+3. You want to use another library that wants to adds its own textures to the atlas without having to worry about its textures being removed out from under it.
+
+You can create a group:
+
+```go
+var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+group1 := textures.MakeGroup()
+```
+
+Or you could use the default group that comes with the atlas (if you've been following along at home, you've been unknowingly been using this: `atlas.Atlas.Add*` and `atlas.Atlas.Slice*` use the default group).
+
+```go
+var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+group1 := textures.DefaultGroup()
+```
+
+Groups share the same `Add*` and `Slice*` methods as are on the `atlas.Atlas`.
+
+### Clearing Textures
+
+You can remove all of the textures in an atlas with:
+
+```go
+var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+// Add some textures to the atlas
+
+// ...
+
+// Actually, we don't want them anymore
+textures.Clear()
+```
+
+**Note:** You don't need to call `atlas.Atlas.Pack()` after clearing textures, `atlas.Atlas.Clear()` does this automatically.
+
+#### Clearing Groups
+
+The main feature of groups is being able to remove them from the atlas.
+
+```go
+var textures atlas.Atlas
+
+keepThisAroundGroup := textures.MakeGroup()
+imGoingToDeleteThisSoon := textures.MakeGroup()
+
+// Add some textures to the groups
+
+// ...
+
+// Actually, we don't want them anymore
+textures.Clear(imGoingToDeleteThisSoon)
+
+// Atlas still has all textures added to `keepThisAroundGroup`
+```
+