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fix(pipeline): fall back to a name-only group key on an unreadable aux offset - #880

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nh/fix-group-key-aux-offset-bounds
Aug 30, 2026
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nh/fix-group-key-aux-offset-bounds

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@nh13 nh13 commented Aug 29, 2026 •

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compute_group_key_from_raw (src/lib/unified_pipeline/bam.rs) sliced &raw[aux_offset..] where aux_offset = aux_data_offset_from_record(raw).unwrap_or(raw.len()). The unwrap_or guards a missing offset (None) but not an out-of-range Some(offset). aux_data_offset_from_record derives the offset from the record's own n_cigar_op / l_seq header fields, so a malformed or truncated record can report an offset past the record body and panic the slice while computing its group key. validate_record_for_decode does not reject this offset, so a corruption-controlled input reaches it.

Fix

Clamp with .min(raw.len()) at both aux-slice sites — the primary path and the secondary/supplementary (tc-keyed) path — matching the empty-aux fallback that fgumi_raw_bam's sibling aux_data_slice helper already applies for a missing offset. An out-of-range record now yields an empty aux slice (no tags, and therefore no UMI position) and a name-only key, instead of panicking.

Test

Adds compute_group_key_from_raw_survives_out_of_range_aux_offset with primary and secondary #[rstest] cases. Each builds a valid raw record then inflates l_seq so aux_data_offset_from_record reports an offset past the body (CIGAR/position left intact so both slice sites are reached). Without the clamp both cases panic at the slice; with it they return a name-only key.

Surfaced during CodeRabbit review of #872, but the code lives on main (it merged via #870), so it is fixed here rather than in that PR.

Risk: grouping output changes for malformed records, pinned by primary and secondary regression tests; unsafe changes: none, and the CLAUDE.md allowlist is unchanged; memory bounds, queue capacity, and thread/backpressure policy changes: none.

Clamps auxiliary-data offsets to raw.len() in both primary and secondary paths. Malformed records now produce a name-only group key instead of panicking.

Adds regression tests for out-of-range offsets.

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Walkthrough

Malformed BAM records could cause out-of-bounds auxiliary-data slices. Primary and secondary/supplementary paths now validate offsets and use regression tests to verify fallback behavior without panics.

Changes

BAM offset safety

Layer / File(s) Summary
Validate auxiliary offsets and fallback behavior
src/lib/unified_pipeline/bam.rs
Secondary/supplementary records clamp invalid offsets. Primary records require present, in-bounds offsets while accepting raw.len() for valid tagless records. Shared hash extraction and regression tests cover both paths.

Estimated code review effort: 2 (Simple) | ~10 minutes

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 8f871

The change safely falls back to a name-only group key for out-of-range auxiliary-data offsets and adds regression coverage; no actionable merge-blocking risk remains at the current head.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 3
✅ Passed checks (3 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Title check ✅ Passed The title uses valid Conventional Commit syntax, includes a relevant scope, uses a lowercase imperative description, and accurately describes the fallback for unreadable auxiliary-data offsets.
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.

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Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 94.53%. Comparing base (6ed382e) to head (8f87124).
⚠️ Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files
@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #880      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   94.56%   94.53%   -0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         268      268              
  Lines      141664   141811     +147     
==========================================
+ Hits       133959   134054      +95     
- Misses       7705     7757      +52     

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Actionable comments posted: 1

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Inline comments:
In `@src/lib/unified_pipeline/bam.rs`:
- Line 554: Update the auxiliary-offset handling in the surrounding BAM record
key-generation flow to inspect the raw result before clamping; when it is out of
range, return GroupKey { name_hash, ..GroupKey::default() } with None instead of
generating a position-based key. Update the regression to request
Some(*SamTag::RX) and assert the name-only key.
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Comment thread src/lib/unified_pipeline/bam.rs Outdated
…x offset

compute_group_key_from_raw derives the aux-data offset from the record's own n_cigar_op/l_seq fields, so a corrupt or truncated record can report an offset past the body — or aux_data_offset_from_record can return None for a record too short to read those fields. The original code fed that through unwrap_or(raw.len()), slicing an empty aux region and then building a *position* key from defaulted library/cell hashes. Because the position key excludes name_hash, that malformed record could group with unrelated records at the same position.

Detect the unresolvable/out-of-range offset in the primary path and return a name-only key (GroupKey { name_hash, ..default() }) plus no UMI position, matching the secondary/supplementary and i32::MAX fallbacks. A valid record with no optional fields resolves to off == raw.len() (an empty aux slice) and still takes the normal position-key path. The primary path's RG/CB resolution is unified with the secondary branch's map_or idiom.

Regression tests: an out-of-range record yields the name-only key on both the primary and secondary paths, and a valid tagless record (off == raw.len()) still yields a position key, pinning the off <= raw.len() boundary.
@nh13 nh13 changed the title fix(pipeline): clamp aux-data offset in compute_group_key_from_raw fix(pipeline): fall back to a name-only group key on an unreadable aux offset Aug 29, 2026
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nh13 force-pushed the nh/fix-group-key-aux-offset-bounds branch from 89f4943 to 8f87124 Compare August 29, 2026 15:07
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nh13 added this pull request to the merge queue Aug 30, 2026
Merged via the queue into main with commit e7ea954 Aug 30, 2026
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nh13 deleted the nh/fix-group-key-aux-offset-bounds branch August 30, 2026 05:31
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