Added `semanticsIdentifier` to `Text` Widgets #163843

ashishbeck · 2025-02-21T14:25:24Z

This PR aims to add semanticsIdentifier to Text and some of its internal objects to pass the semantics information for adding identifier to the semantics nodes

From the issue filed at #163842, the following is a description of the problem.

The semantics identifier helps in uniquely identifying elements using UI automation tools like Appium, UIAutomator and XCUITests by setting identifiers that the screen readers cannot see but the said tools can. This is especially useful when working with a multi-lingual or multi-tenant app, where the element IDs need to be unique but the content can be different. The Semantics widget already has support for declaring it. However, the Text and Text.rich variants only support setting semanticsLabel without explicitly setting the identifiers. The widgets themselves can be wrapped with a Semantics widget but it still does not cater for a rich text that can have multiple text spans, each containing unique lables and identifiers, and optionally gesture detectors for handling links.

Consider the following UI for two different tenants:

Here, both the tenants utilise different strings to convey the same message. The structure of the message stays the same so the identifiers help in unifying the element identification process across the tenant apps in the automation tools without having to write another script for every other tenant.
Without the identifiers, the automation scripts require a rewrite per tenant to be able to successfully locate the element and even tap on the hyperlink.

With PR Changes

Appium Views

For the given sample code,

Text.rich Sample

Text.rich(
  TextSpan(
    text: 'This text contains both identifier and label.',
    semanticsLabel: 'Custom label',
    semanticsIdentifier: 'Custom identifier',
    style: customStyle1,
    children: <TextSpan>[
      TextSpan(
        text: ' While this one contains only label',
        semanticsLabel: 'Hello world',
        style: customStyle2,
      ),
      const TextSpan(
        text: ' and this contains only identifier,',
        semanticsIdentifier: 'Hello to the automation tool',
      ),
      TextSpan(
        text: ' this text contains neither identifier nor label.',
        style: customStyle2,
      ),
    ],
  ),
),

we have the following results with and without the PR code changes:

With Identifier

Without Identifier Changes

Semantics Tree Dump

The followings are the semantics tree dump for both the cases

With Identifier

I/flutter ( 8185): SemanticsNode#0
I/flutter ( 8185):  │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 1080.0, 2154.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):  │
I/flutter ( 8185):  └─SemanticsNode#1
I/flutter ( 8185):    │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 392.7, 783.3) scaled by 2.8x
I/flutter ( 8185):    │ textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):    │
I/flutter ( 8185):    └─SemanticsNode#2
I/flutter ( 8185):      │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 392.7, 783.3)
I/flutter ( 8185):      │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#9e46a(order: 0.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):      │
I/flutter ( 8185):      └─SemanticsNode#3
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 392.7, 783.3)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ flags: scopesRoute
I/flutter ( 8185):        │
I/flutter ( 8185):        ├─SemanticsNode#4
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 40.0, 376.7, 88.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   label: "Demonstration of automation tools support in Semantics
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     for Text and RichText"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │
I/flutter ( 8185):        ├─SemanticsNode#5
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 104.0, 376.7, 204.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   label: "The identifier property in Semantics widget is used for
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     UI testing with tools that work by querying the native
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     accessibility, like UIAutomator, XCUITest, or Appium. It can be
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     matched with CommonFinders.bySemanticsIdentifier."
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │
I/flutter ( 8185):        ├─SemanticsNode#6
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 220.0, 121.9, 244.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   label: "Text Example:"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │
I/flutter ( 8185):        ├─SemanticsNode#7
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 244.0, 376.7, 304.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   identifier: "This is a custom identifier that only the automation
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     tools are able to see"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   label: "This is a custom label"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │
I/flutter ( 8185):        ├─SemanticsNode#8
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 320.0, 155.1, 344.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   label: "Text.rich Example:"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │
I/flutter ( 8185):        ├─SemanticsNode#9
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 344.0, 376.7, 400.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ ├─SemanticsNode#10
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, -3.0, 280.0, 23.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   identifier: "Custom identifier"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   label: "Custom label"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#06bc7(order: 0.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ ├─SemanticsNode#11
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, -1.0, 345.0, 42.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   label: "Hello world"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#32a12(order: 1.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ ├─SemanticsNode#12
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   Rect.fromLTRB(130.0, 17.0, 348.0, 43.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   identifier: "Hello to the automation tool"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   label: " and this contains only identifier,"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#49d25(order: 2.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ └─SemanticsNode#13
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, 19.0, 351.0, 60.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     label: " this text contains neither identifier nor label."
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#f3624(order: 3.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │
I/flutter ( 8185):        ├─SemanticsNode#14
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 416.0, 181.0, 440.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   label: "Multi-tenant Example:"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │
I/flutter ( 8185):        ├─SemanticsNode#15
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │ Rect.fromLTRB(108.3, 440.0, 284.5, 480.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ ├─SemanticsNode#16
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   Rect.fromLTRB(-1.0, -3.0, 115.0, 23.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   identifier: "please_open"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   label: "Please open the "
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#ea831(order: 0.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ ├─SemanticsNode#17
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   Rect.fromLTRB(106.0, -3.0, 177.0, 23.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   identifier: "product_name"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   label: "product 1"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#589fe(order: 1.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ ├─SemanticsNode#18
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, -3.0, 177.0, 43.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   identifier: "to_use_app"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   label:
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │     "
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │     to use this app."
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │   sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#c2762(order: 2.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ │
I/flutter ( 8185):        │ └─SemanticsNode#19
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     Rect.fromLTRB(95.0, 17.0, 181.0, 43.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     actions: tap
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     flags: isLink
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     identifier: "learn_more_link"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     label: " Learn more"
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):        │     sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#7d560(order: 3.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):        │
I/flutter ( 8185):        └─SemanticsNode#20
I/flutter ( 8185):          │ Rect.fromLTRB(97.0, 496.0, 295.7, 536.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):          │
I/flutter ( 8185):          ├─SemanticsNode#21
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   Rect.fromLTRB(11.0, -3.0, 127.0, 23.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   identifier: "please_open"
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   label: "Please open the "
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#7bb57(order: 0.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):          │
I/flutter ( 8185):          ├─SemanticsNode#22
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   Rect.fromLTRB(118.0, -3.0, 188.0, 23.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   identifier: "product_name"
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   label: "product 2"
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#6c7c6(order: 1.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):          │
I/flutter ( 8185):          ├─SemanticsNode#23
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, -3.0, 188.0, 43.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   identifier: "to_use_app"
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   label:
I/flutter ( 8185):          │     "
I/flutter ( 8185):          │     to access this app."
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):          │   sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#1e8e7(order: 2.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):          │
I/flutter ( 8185):          └─SemanticsNode#24
I/flutter ( 8185):              Rect.fromLTRB(117.0, 17.0, 203.0, 43.0)
I/flutter ( 8185):              actions: tap
I/flutter ( 8185):              flags: isLink
I/flutter ( 8185):              identifier: "learn_more_link"
I/flutter ( 8185):              label: " Find out more"
I/flutter ( 8185):              textDirection: ltr
I/flutter ( 8185):              sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#db7e6(order: 3.0)

Without Identifier Changes

I/flutter (18659): SemanticsNode#0
I/flutter (18659):  │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 1080.0, 2154.0)
I/flutter (18659):  │
I/flutter (18659):  └─SemanticsNode#1
I/flutter (18659):    │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 392.7, 783.3) scaled by 2.8x
I/flutter (18659):    │ textDirection: ltr
I/flutter (18659):    │
I/flutter (18659):    └─SemanticsNode#2
I/flutter (18659):      │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 392.7, 783.3)
I/flutter (18659):      │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#102d4(order: 0.0)
I/flutter (18659):      │
I/flutter (18659):      └─SemanticsNode#3
I/flutter (18659):        │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 392.7, 783.3)
I/flutter (18659):        │ flags: scopesRoute
I/flutter (18659):        │
I/flutter (18659):        ├─SemanticsNode#4
I/flutter (18659):        │   Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 40.0, 376.7, 88.0)
I/flutter (18659):        │   label: "Demonstration of automation tools support in Semantics
I/flutter (18659):        │     for Text and RichText"
I/flutter (18659):        │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter (18659):        │
I/flutter (18659):        ├─SemanticsNode#5
I/flutter (18659):        │   Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 104.0, 376.7, 204.0)
I/flutter (18659):        │   label: "The identifier property in Semantics widget is used for
I/flutter (18659):        │     UI testing with tools that work by querying the native
I/flutter (18659):        │     accessibility, like UIAutomator, XCUITest, or Appium. It can be
I/flutter (18659):        │     matched with CommonFinders.bySemanticsIdentifier."
I/flutter (18659):        │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter (18659):        │
I/flutter (18659):        ├─SemanticsNode#6
I/flutter (18659):        │   Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 220.0, 121.9, 244.0)
I/flutter (18659):        │   label: "Text Example:"
I/flutter (18659):        │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter (18659):        │
I/flutter (18659):        ├─SemanticsNode#7
I/flutter (18659):        │   Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 244.0, 376.7, 304.0)
I/flutter (18659):        │   label: "This is a custom label"
I/flutter (18659):        │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter (18659):        │
I/flutter (18659):        ├─SemanticsNode#8
I/flutter (18659):        │   Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 320.0, 155.1, 344.0)
I/flutter (18659):        │   label: "Text.rich Example:"
I/flutter (18659):        │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter (18659):        │
I/flutter (18659):        ├─SemanticsNode#9
I/flutter (18659):        │   Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 344.0, 376.7, 400.0)
I/flutter (18659):        │   label: "Custom labelHello world and this contains only
I/flutter (18659):        │     identifier, this text contains neither identifier nor label."
I/flutter (18659):        │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter (18659):        │
I/flutter (18659):        ├─SemanticsNode#10
I/flutter (18659):        │   Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 416.0, 181.0, 440.0)
I/flutter (18659):        │   label: "Multi-tenant Example:"
I/flutter (18659):        │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter (18659):        │
I/flutter (18659):        ├─SemanticsNode#11
I/flutter (18659):        │ │ Rect.fromLTRB(108.3, 456.0, 284.5, 496.0)
I/flutter (18659):        │ │
I/flutter (18659):        │ ├─SemanticsNode#12
I/flutter (18659):        │ │   Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, -3.0, 177.0, 43.0)
I/flutter (18659):        │ │   label:
I/flutter (18659):        │ │     "Please open the product 1
I/flutter (18659):        │ │     to use this app."
I/flutter (18659):        │ │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter (18659):        │ │   sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#493fc(order: 0.0)
I/flutter (18659):        │ │
I/flutter (18659):        │ └─SemanticsNode#13
I/flutter (18659):        │     Rect.fromLTRB(95.0, 17.0, 181.0, 43.0)
I/flutter (18659):        │     actions: tap
I/flutter (18659):        │     flags: isLink
I/flutter (18659):        │     label: " Learn more"
I/flutter (18659):        │     textDirection: ltr
I/flutter (18659):        │     sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#587bf(order: 1.0)
I/flutter (18659):        │
I/flutter (18659):        └─SemanticsNode#14
I/flutter (18659):          │ Rect.fromLTRB(88.9, 512.0, 303.8, 552.0)
I/flutter (18659):          │
I/flutter (18659):          ├─SemanticsNode#15
I/flutter (18659):          │   Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, -3.0, 196.0, 43.0)
I/flutter (18659):          │   label:
I/flutter (18659):          │     "Please open the product 2
I/flutter (18659):          │     to access this app."
I/flutter (18659):          │   textDirection: ltr
I/flutter (18659):          │   sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#69083(order: 0.0)
I/flutter (18659):          │
I/flutter (18659):          └─SemanticsNode#16
I/flutter (18659):              Rect.fromLTRB(117.0, 17.0, 219.0, 43.0)
I/flutter (18659):              actions: tap
I/flutter (18659):              flags: isLink
I/flutter (18659):              label: " Find out more"
I/flutter (18659):              textDirection: ltr
I/flutter (18659):              sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#ed706(order: 1.0)

fixes #163842

google-cla · 2025-02-21T14:25:31Z

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justinmc · 2025-02-26T00:20:10Z

@chunhtai @Renzo-Olivares I wonder if you guys have thoughts on this semantics change for Text.

chunhtai · 2025-02-26T17:10:11Z

examples/layers/widgets/ui_testing_with_text.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.


Can you put this in examples/api/lib/widgets ?

chunhtai · 2025-02-26T17:11:01Z

examples/layers/widgets/ui_testing_with_text.dart

+                        child: Text.rich(
+                          TextSpan(
+                            text: 'Please open the ',
+                            // semanticsIdentifier: 'please_open',


why do we comment these out?

I forgot to restore after creating Appium screenshots. Fixed it now.

chunhtai · 2025-02-26T17:16:48Z

packages/flutter/lib/src/painting/inline_span.dart

  for (final InlineSpanSemanticsInformation info in infoList) {
    if (info.requiresOwnNode) {
      combined.add(
        InlineSpanSemanticsInformation(


I am not sure how this was working before, if the first one in the infoList, won't we add an empty info here?

You're right, there is no need to make changes to this method. It is working fine without it.

chunhtai · 2025-02-26T17:17:53Z

packages/flutter/lib/src/painting/inline_span.dart

        );
      }
      workingLabel += effectiveLabel;
+      workingIdentifier = info.semanticsIdentifier;


This should always be null according to the doc, right? can you use assert instead?

You're right, there is no need to make changes to this method. It is working fine without it.

chunhtai · 2025-02-26T17:19:02Z

packages/flutter/lib/src/painting/inline_span.dart

    }
  }
  combined.add(
    InlineSpanSemanticsInformation(


This is also some weird code, wouldn't we added am empty one if last one requiresOwnNode

You're right, there is no need to make changes to this method. It is working fine without it.

chunhtai · 2025-02-26T17:21:35Z

packages/flutter/test/painting/text_span_test.dart

    final List<InlineSpanSemanticsInformation> collector = <InlineSpanSemanticsInformation>[];
-    const TextSpan(text: 'aaa', semanticsLabel: 'bbb').computeSemanticsInformation(collector);
+    const TextSpan(
+      text: 'aaa',


Can you add a test for text widget with textspan that has semantics identifier and assert a semantics node with that identifier is created?

Added a test to test/widgets/text_semantics_test.dart

…ineSpan Changes

chunhtai · 2025-03-03T19:35:12Z

looks like there is a formatting issue

Found 1 Dart file which was formatted incorrectly.
To fix, run `dart format packages/flutter/test/widgets/text_semantics_test.dart` or:

git apply <<DONE
diff --git a/packages/flutter/test/widgets/text_semantics_test.dart b/packages/flutter/test/widgets/text_semantics_test.dart
index 3f3714bcda..0000000000 100644
--- a/packages/flutter/test/widgets/text_semantics_test.dart
+++ b/packages/flutter/test/widgets/text_semantics_test.dart
@@ -159,7 +159,9 @@ void main() {
       ),
     );
     expect(find.text('Hello, 1 new semantics node has been created.'), findsOneWidget);
-    final SemanticsNode node = tester.getSemantics(find.text('Hello, 1 new semantics node has been created.'));
+    final SemanticsNode node = tester.getSemantics(
+      find.text('Hello, 1 new semantics node has been created.'),
+    );
     final Map<String, String> labelToNodeId = <String, String>{};
     node.visitChildren((SemanticsNode node) {
       labelToNodeId[node.label] = node.identifier;
@@ -172,3 +174,4 @@ void main() {
     expect(labelToNodeId.length, 3);
   });
 }
DONE

chunhtai

LGTM, except one comment

chunhtai · 2025-03-03T19:48:02Z

examples/api/lib/widgets/text/ui_testing_with_text.dart

+  @override
+  void initState() {
+    super.initState();
+    WidgetsBinding.instance.addPostFrameCallback((_) {


This seems to be debug code, can you remove this?

ashishbeck · 2025-03-04T02:41:57Z

Hi @chunhtai, I have addressed the remaining issues. Please check. Thanks!

Renzo-Olivares

LGTM w/ small comment. Thank you for your contribution!

Renzo-Olivares · 2025-03-04T02:56:27Z

packages/flutter/lib/src/painting/inline_span.dart


  /// True if this configuration should get its own semantics node.
  ///
  /// This will be the case of the [recognizer] is not null, of if


nit: this paragraph should be: This will be the case if the [recognizer] is not null, or if [isPlaceholder] is true, or if [semanticsIdentifier] has a value.

Fixed it, thank you!

ashishbeck · 2025-03-04T06:45:48Z

Hi @chunhtai | @Renzo-Olivares , I see the "Google testing" workflow is failing. I am not sure how to resolve it or proceed with the merge. This is my first time contributing to flutter so please advise on how to merge it. Thanks!

chunhtai · 2025-03-06T23:13:33Z

This breaks some internal code where it implements the abstract interface InlineSpanSemanticsInformation, the internal test will need to be migrated

chunhtai · 2025-03-06T23:18:49Z

waiting for cl/734306543

auto-submit · 2025-03-12T22:16:08Z

autosubmit label was removed for flutter/flutter/163843, because - The status or check suite Mac_arm64 build_tests_3_4 has failed. Please fix the issues identified (or deflake) before re-applying this label.

…r#163843)

This PR aims to add `semanticsIdentifier` to `Text` and some of its internal objects to pass the semantics information for adding identifier to the semantics nodes From the issue filed at flutter#163842, the following is a description of the problem. The [semantics identifier](https://api.flutter.dev/flutter/semantics/SemanticsData/identifier.html) helps in uniquely identifying elements using UI automation tools like Appium, UIAutomator and XCUITests by setting identifiers that the screen readers cannot see but the said tools can. This is especially useful when working with a multi-lingual or multi-tenant app, where the element IDs need to be unique but the content can be different. The `Semantics` widget already has support for declaring it. However, the `Text` and `Text.rich` variants only support setting `semanticsLabel` without explicitly setting the identifiers. The widgets themselves can be wrapped with a `Semantics` widget but it still does not cater for a rich text that can have multiple text spans, each containing unique lables and identifiers, and optionally gesture detectors for handling links. Consider the following UI for two different tenants: <img width="229" alt="Image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/e8a24588-d94d-42fc-ba6c-ce39959207ae" /> Here, both the tenants utilise different strings to convey the same message. The structure of the message stays the same so the identifiers help in unifying the element identification process across the tenant apps in the automation tools without having to write another script for every other tenant. Without the identifiers, the automation scripts require a rewrite per tenant to be able to successfully locate the element and even tap on the hyperlink. # With PR Changes ## Appium Views For the given sample code, <details><summary>Text.rich Sample</summary> ```dart Text.rich( TextSpan( text: 'This text contains both identifier and label.', semanticsLabel: 'Custom label', semanticsIdentifier: 'Custom identifier', style: customStyle1, children: <TextSpan>[ TextSpan( text: ' While this one contains only label', semanticsLabel: 'Hello world', style: customStyle2, ), const TextSpan( text: ' and this contains only identifier,', semanticsIdentifier: 'Hello to the automation tool', ), TextSpan( text: ' this text contains neither identifier nor label.', style: customStyle2, ), ], ), ), ``` </details> we have the following results with and without the PR code changes: ### With Identifier ![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/abad3b36-61a5-41d9-b269-9977ac6d26e7) ### Without Identifier Changes ![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/91d01be9-d39c-4c65-9251-570284108bfd) ## Semantics Tree Dump The followings are the semantics tree dump for both the cases <details><summary>With Identifier</summary> ``` I/flutter ( 8185): SemanticsNode#0 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 1080.0, 2154.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): └─SemanticsNode#1 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 392.7, 783.3) scaled by 2.8x I/flutter ( 8185): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): └─SemanticsNode#2 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 392.7, 783.3) I/flutter ( 8185): │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#9e46a(order: 0.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): └─SemanticsNode#3 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 392.7, 783.3) I/flutter ( 8185): │ flags: scopesRoute I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): ├─SemanticsNode#4 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 40.0, 376.7, 88.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ label: "Demonstration of automation tools support in Semantics I/flutter ( 8185): │ for Text and RichText" I/flutter ( 8185): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): ├─SemanticsNode#5 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 104.0, 376.7, 204.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ label: "The identifier property in Semantics widget is used for I/flutter ( 8185): │ UI testing with tools that work by querying the native I/flutter ( 8185): │ accessibility, like UIAutomator, XCUITest, or Appium. It can be I/flutter ( 8185): │ matched with CommonFinders.bySemanticsIdentifier." I/flutter ( 8185): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): ├─SemanticsNode#6 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 220.0, 121.9, 244.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ label: "Text Example:" I/flutter ( 8185): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): ├─SemanticsNode#7 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 244.0, 376.7, 304.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ identifier: "This is a custom identifier that only the automation I/flutter ( 8185): │ tools are able to see" I/flutter ( 8185): │ label: "This is a custom label" I/flutter ( 8185): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): ├─SemanticsNode#8 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 320.0, 155.1, 344.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ label: "Text.rich Example:" I/flutter ( 8185): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): ├─SemanticsNode#9 I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 344.0, 376.7, 400.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ I/flutter ( 8185): │ ├─SemanticsNode#10 I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, -3.0, 280.0, 23.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ identifier: "Custom identifier" I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ label: "Custom label" I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#06bc7(order: 0.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ I/flutter ( 8185): │ ├─SemanticsNode#11 I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, -1.0, 345.0, 42.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ label: "Hello world" I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#32a12(order: 1.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ I/flutter ( 8185): │ ├─SemanticsNode#12 I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ Rect.fromLTRB(130.0, 17.0, 348.0, 43.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ identifier: "Hello to the automation tool" I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ label: " and this contains only identifier," I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#49d25(order: 2.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ I/flutter ( 8185): │ └─SemanticsNode#13 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, 19.0, 351.0, 60.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ label: " this text contains neither identifier nor label." I/flutter ( 8185): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#f3624(order: 3.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): ├─SemanticsNode#14 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 416.0, 181.0, 440.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ label: "Multi-tenant Example:" I/flutter ( 8185): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): ├─SemanticsNode#15 I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ Rect.fromLTRB(108.3, 440.0, 284.5, 480.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ I/flutter ( 8185): │ ├─SemanticsNode#16 I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ Rect.fromLTRB(-1.0, -3.0, 115.0, 23.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ identifier: "please_open" I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ label: "Please open the " I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#ea831(order: 0.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ I/flutter ( 8185): │ ├─SemanticsNode#17 I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ Rect.fromLTRB(106.0, -3.0, 177.0, 23.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ identifier: "product_name" I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ label: "product 1" I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#589fe(order: 1.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ I/flutter ( 8185): │ ├─SemanticsNode#18 I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, -3.0, 177.0, 43.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ identifier: "to_use_app" I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ label: I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ " I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ to use this app." I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#c2762(order: 2.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ │ I/flutter ( 8185): │ └─SemanticsNode#19 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(95.0, 17.0, 181.0, 43.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ actions: tap I/flutter ( 8185): │ flags: isLink I/flutter ( 8185): │ identifier: "learn_more_link" I/flutter ( 8185): │ label: " Learn more" I/flutter ( 8185): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#7d560(order: 3.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): └─SemanticsNode#20 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(97.0, 496.0, 295.7, 536.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): ├─SemanticsNode#21 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(11.0, -3.0, 127.0, 23.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ identifier: "please_open" I/flutter ( 8185): │ label: "Please open the " I/flutter ( 8185): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#7bb57(order: 0.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): ├─SemanticsNode#22 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(118.0, -3.0, 188.0, 23.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ identifier: "product_name" I/flutter ( 8185): │ label: "product 2" I/flutter ( 8185): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#6c7c6(order: 1.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): ├─SemanticsNode#23 I/flutter ( 8185): │ Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, -3.0, 188.0, 43.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ identifier: "to_use_app" I/flutter ( 8185): │ label: I/flutter ( 8185): │ " I/flutter ( 8185): │ to access this app." I/flutter ( 8185): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#1e8e7(order: 2.0) I/flutter ( 8185): │ I/flutter ( 8185): └─SemanticsNode#24 I/flutter ( 8185): Rect.fromLTRB(117.0, 17.0, 203.0, 43.0) I/flutter ( 8185): actions: tap I/flutter ( 8185): flags: isLink I/flutter ( 8185): identifier: "learn_more_link" I/flutter ( 8185): label: " Find out more" I/flutter ( 8185): textDirection: ltr I/flutter ( 8185): sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#db7e6(order: 3.0) ``` </details> <details><summary>Without Identifier Changes</summary> ``` I/flutter (18659): SemanticsNode#0 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 1080.0, 2154.0) I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): └─SemanticsNode#1 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 392.7, 783.3) scaled by 2.8x I/flutter (18659): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): └─SemanticsNode#2 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 392.7, 783.3) I/flutter (18659): │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#102d4(order: 0.0) I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): └─SemanticsNode#3 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 392.7, 783.3) I/flutter (18659): │ flags: scopesRoute I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): ├─SemanticsNode#4 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 40.0, 376.7, 88.0) I/flutter (18659): │ label: "Demonstration of automation tools support in Semantics I/flutter (18659): │ for Text and RichText" I/flutter (18659): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): ├─SemanticsNode#5 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 104.0, 376.7, 204.0) I/flutter (18659): │ label: "The identifier property in Semantics widget is used for I/flutter (18659): │ UI testing with tools that work by querying the native I/flutter (18659): │ accessibility, like UIAutomator, XCUITest, or Appium. It can be I/flutter (18659): │ matched with CommonFinders.bySemanticsIdentifier." I/flutter (18659): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): ├─SemanticsNode#6 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 220.0, 121.9, 244.0) I/flutter (18659): │ label: "Text Example:" I/flutter (18659): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): ├─SemanticsNode#7 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 244.0, 376.7, 304.0) I/flutter (18659): │ label: "This is a custom label" I/flutter (18659): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): ├─SemanticsNode#8 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 320.0, 155.1, 344.0) I/flutter (18659): │ label: "Text.rich Example:" I/flutter (18659): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): ├─SemanticsNode#9 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 344.0, 376.7, 400.0) I/flutter (18659): │ label: "Custom labelHello world and this contains only I/flutter (18659): │ identifier, this text contains neither identifier nor label." I/flutter (18659): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): ├─SemanticsNode#10 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(16.0, 416.0, 181.0, 440.0) I/flutter (18659): │ label: "Multi-tenant Example:" I/flutter (18659): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): ├─SemanticsNode#11 I/flutter (18659): │ │ Rect.fromLTRB(108.3, 456.0, 284.5, 496.0) I/flutter (18659): │ │ I/flutter (18659): │ ├─SemanticsNode#12 I/flutter (18659): │ │ Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, -3.0, 177.0, 43.0) I/flutter (18659): │ │ label: I/flutter (18659): │ │ "Please open the product 1 I/flutter (18659): │ │ to use this app." I/flutter (18659): │ │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter (18659): │ │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#493fc(order: 0.0) I/flutter (18659): │ │ I/flutter (18659): │ └─SemanticsNode#13 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(95.0, 17.0, 181.0, 43.0) I/flutter (18659): │ actions: tap I/flutter (18659): │ flags: isLink I/flutter (18659): │ label: " Learn more" I/flutter (18659): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter (18659): │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#587bf(order: 1.0) I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): └─SemanticsNode#14 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(88.9, 512.0, 303.8, 552.0) I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): ├─SemanticsNode#15 I/flutter (18659): │ Rect.fromLTRB(-4.0, -3.0, 196.0, 43.0) I/flutter (18659): │ label: I/flutter (18659): │ "Please open the product 2 I/flutter (18659): │ to access this app." I/flutter (18659): │ textDirection: ltr I/flutter (18659): │ sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#69083(order: 0.0) I/flutter (18659): │ I/flutter (18659): └─SemanticsNode#16 I/flutter (18659): Rect.fromLTRB(117.0, 17.0, 219.0, 43.0) I/flutter (18659): actions: tap I/flutter (18659): flags: isLink I/flutter (18659): label: " Find out more" I/flutter (18659): textDirection: ltr I/flutter (18659): sortKey: OrdinalSortKey#ed706(order: 1.0) ``` </details> fixes flutter#163842 --------- Co-authored-by: chunhtai <[email protected]>

Added semanticsIdentifier to Text Widgets

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github-actions bot added a: text input Entering text in a text field or keyboard related problems framework flutter/packages/flutter repository. See also f: labels. d: examples Sample code and demos labels Feb 21, 2025

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Add semanticsIdentifier to Text and TextSpans for unique identification through UI automation tools #163842

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Added Additional Tests for Text Semantics and Removed Unnecessary Inl…

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		// Copyright 2014 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.

Added semanticsIdentifier to Text Widgets #163843

Added semanticsIdentifier to Text Widgets #163843

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ashishbeck commented Feb 21, 2025 • edited by chunhtai Loading Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page.

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Added `semanticsIdentifier` to `Text` Widgets #163843

Added `semanticsIdentifier` to `Text` Widgets #163843

ashishbeck commented Feb 21, 2025 •

edited by chunhtai

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