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80 changes: 80 additions & 0 deletions approaches/approach-private-broadcasting.md
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# Approach: Private Transaction Broadcasting

**High-level goal:** Prevent information leakage during transaction broadcasting that enables MEV extraction, front-running, and competitive intelligence gathering.

## Overview

### Problem Interaction

Broadcasting transactions reveals multiple layers of information:

1. **MEV Extraction**: Transaction content visible to searchers enables front-running and sandwich attacks
2. **Intent Signaling**: Even encrypted transactions can reveal patterns, timing, and participant behavior
3. **Competitive Intelligence**: Transaction metadata exposes trading strategies and institutional activity

These problems interact because traditional broadcasting requires public visibility for validation, while institutional privacy needs conflict with mempool transparency.

### Key Constraints

- Must maintain transaction validity and ordering guarantees
- Integration with existing institutional workflows and custody systems
- Regulatory compliance for audit trails and selective disclosure

### TLDR for Different Personas

- **Business:** Execute transactions without revealing intent or enabling front-running
- **Technical:** Use private mempools, encrypted broadcasting, or integrate with OTC execution to hide transaction content
- **Legal:** Maintain audit capabilities while protecting proprietary trading information

## Architecture and Design Choices

### Primary Approaches

**MEV Protection (OTC Execution):**

- [Renegade](../vendors/renegade.md) for private order matching and MEV prevention
- [Flashbots](../vendors/flashbots.md) private mempools
- Direct settlement bypassing public broadcasting

**Intent Signaling Protection:**

- [Shutter Network](../patterns/pattern-pretrade-privacy-shutter-suave.md) for encrypted mempools
- [SUAVE](../patterns/pattern-pretrade-privacy-shutter-suave.md) for private intent expression
- Encrypted mempool solutions with threshold decryption

**Private Rollups:**

- Hidden state with encrypted mempool
- 2 categories:
- Shared [Private Rollups](../patterns/pattern-privacy-l2s.md) (Aztec, Fhenix)
- Enterprise Rollups: [zkSync Prividium](../vendors/zksync-prividium.md), [EY Nightfall](../vendors/ey-nightfall.md)

### Recommended Architecture

**Tiered Privacy Model:**

- **Large institutional trades:** OTC execution (Renegade, Flashbots) to prevent MEV extraction
- **Regular operations:** Encrypted mempools (Shutter, SUAVE) for intent privacy
- **Comprehensive privacy:** Private rollups (Aztec, Prividium) for complete transaction hiding

## More Details

### Trade-offs

**OTC vs Encrypted Broadcasting vs Private Rollups:**

- **OTC:** Better privacy, higher complexity, custody integration challenges, best to avoid MEV extraction
- **Encrypted:** Broader compatibility, timing analysis still possible, best for hiding intent signals
- **Private Rollups:** Complete privacy but requires L2 migration, suitable for comprehensive privacy needs

### Open Questions

1. **Regulatory Acceptance:** How do regulators view private broadcasting vs traditional transparency?
2. **Market Impact:** Effects on price discovery and market structure?
3. **Cross-Chain Coordination:** How to maintain privacy when broadcasting across multiple networks?
4. **Timing Analysis:** Can sophisticated adversaries still extract information from transaction timing patterns?

## Links and Notes

- **Patterns:** [Pre-trade Privacy](../patterns/pattern-pretrade-privacy-shutter-suave.md), [Privacy L2s](../patterns/pattern-privacy-l2s.md)
- **Vendors:** [Renegade](../vendors/renegade.md), [Flashbots](../vendors/flashbots.md), [Shutter](../vendors/shutter.md)
77 changes: 77 additions & 0 deletions vendors/flashbots.md
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---
title: "Vendor: Flashbots"
status: draft
maturity: production
---

# Flashbots – MEV Infrastructure & SUAVE

**Category:** MEV Infrastructure / Privacy Infrastructure
**Maturity:** Production (Flashbots Auction), Development (SUAVE)
**Focus:** MEV mitigation, private mempools, and decentralized block building

## Overview

Flashbots develops **MEV infrastructure** including private mempools, block building, and **SUAVE** (Single Unifying Auction for Value Expression) - a decentralized platform for private intent expression and execution.

## Key Use Cases / Patterns

- [Pre-trade Privacy](../patterns/pattern-pretrade-privacy-shutter-suave.md) - Private intent expression via SUAVE
- [Private Broadcasting](../approaches/approach-private-broadcasting.md) - MEV protection through private mempools

## Technical Approach

**Flashbots Auction:**

- **Private Mempools:** Transactions submitted directly to builders, bypassing public mempool
- **MEV-Share:** Users capture portion of MEV from their transactions
- **Block Building:** Competitive block construction with MEV extraction

**SUAVE (Under Development):**

- **Universal Intent Pool:** Cross-domain intent expression and matching
- **Programmable Privacy:** Selective revelation of intent information
- **Decentralized Execution:** Multiple execution environments for intent fulfillment

## What It Provides

- Private transaction submission bypassing public mempool
- MEV protection through direct builder relationships
- Revenue sharing mechanisms (MEV-Share)
- Cross-chain intent expression (SUAVE)
- Decentralized block building infrastructure

## What It Doesn't Cover

- Complete MEV elimination (redistributes rather than eliminates)
- Privacy after execution (transactions still visible on-chain)
- Regulatory compliance frameworks
- Long-term privacy guarantees (relies on builder trust)

## Integration Notes

- **Networks:** Ethereum mainnet (Flashbots), Multi-chain (SUAVE)
- **Developer Tools:** MEV-Share SDK, Flashbots Auction APIs
- **Builder Network:** Requires integration with participating builders
- **Intent Standards:** SUAVE developing cross-chain intent standards

## Strengths

- Established MEV mitigation with significant adoption
- Strong relationship with Ethereum ecosystem
- Active development of next-generation infrastructure (SUAVE)
- Revenue sharing mechanisms align user incentives

## Limitations

- Centralization concerns with builder relationships
- SUAVE still in development phase
- Limited privacy guarantees (trust-based model)
- Regulatory uncertainty around MEV redistribution

## Links

- [Flashbots](https://flashbots.net/)
- [MEV-Share](https://docs.flashbots.net/flashbots-mev-share/overview)
- [SUAVE](https://writings.flashbots.net/the-future-of-mev-is-suave)
- [Documentation](https://docs.flashbots.net/)
69 changes: 69 additions & 0 deletions vendors/shutter.md
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---
title: "Vendor: Shutter"
status: draft
maturity: production
---

# Shutter Network – Encrypted Mempool & MEV Protection

**Category:** Privacy Infrastructure
**Maturity:** Pilot/Production (Gnosis Chain)
**Focus:** Pre-trade privacy through encrypted mempools and threshold decryption

## Overview

Shutter Network provides **encrypted mempool** infrastructure that prevents MEV extraction and front-running by encrypting transactions until they are included in blocks, using **threshold cryptography** for decryption.

## Key Use Cases / Patterns

- [Pre-trade Privacy](../patterns/pattern-pretrade-privacy-shutter-suave.md) - Encrypted mempool with threshold decryption
- [Private Broadcasting](../approaches/approach-private-broadcasting.md) - Intent signaling protection

## Technical Approach

Shutter uses **threshold encryption** where:

- **Transaction Encryption:** Users encrypt transactions with a shared public key
- **Distributed Decryption:** Network of validators collectively decrypt transactions after block inclusion
- **MEV Prevention:** Searchers cannot see transaction content during the vulnerable mempool phase
- **Ordering Protection:** Prevents front-running while maintaining transaction validity

## What It Provides

- Encrypted mempool preventing MEV extraction during broadcasting
- Threshold decryption ensuring no single point of failure
- Integration with existing Ethereum infrastructure
- Censorship resistance through distributed key management

## What It Doesn't Cover

- Post-execution privacy (transactions visible after inclusion)
- Cross-chain MEV protection
- Complex intent expression (focuses on transaction-level protection)

## Integration Notes

- **Networks:** Live on Gnosis Chain, Ethereum integration planned
- **Compatibility:** Works with standard Ethereum transactions
- **Validator Requirements:** Requires network of threshold key holders
- **Developer Experience:** Minimal changes to existing dApp integration

## Strengths

- Proven solution with mainnet deployment
- Strong cryptographic foundations (threshold encryption)
- Minimal impact on existing Ethereum workflows
- Effective MEV prevention during critical mempool phase

## Limitations

- Limited to supported networks (Gnosis Chain currently)
- Adds latency due to threshold decryption process
- Requires coordination among threshold key holders
- No protection against MEV after transaction execution

## Links

- [Shutter Network](https://shutter.network/)
- [Documentation](https://docs.shutter.network/)
- [GitHub](https://github.com/shutter-network)