fix(seo): add internal links to orphaned pages and homepage backlinks #17578
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ description: An explanation of the proof-of-stake consensus protocol and its rol | |
| lang: en | ||
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| Proof-of-stake (PoS) underlies Ethereum's [consensus mechanism](/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/). [Ethereum](/) switched on its proof-of-stake mechanism in 2022 because it is more secure, less energy-intensive, and better for implementing new scaling solutions compared to the previous [proof-of-work](/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow) architecture. | ||
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| ## Prerequisites {#prerequisites} | ||
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ description: An introduction to the Ethereum virtual machine and how it relates | |||||
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| The [Ethereum](/) Virtual Machine (EVM) is a decentralized virtual environment that executes code consistently and securely across all [Ethereum](/) nodes. Nodes run the EVM to execute smart contracts, using "[gas](/developers/docs/gas/)" to measure the computational effort required for [operations](/developers/docs/evm/opcodes/), ensuring efficient resource allocation and network security. | ||||||
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| ## Prerequisites {#prerequisites} | ||||||
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@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: Learn about Ethereum gas fees, how they're calculated, and their ro | |
| lang: en | ||
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| Gas is essential to the [Ethereum](/) network. It is the fuel that allows it to operate, in the same way that a car needs gasoline to run. | ||
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| ## Prerequisites {#prerequisites} | ||
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ lang: en | |
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| ## What is a smart contract? {#what-is-a-smart-contract} | ||
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| A "smart contract" is simply a program that runs on the [Ethereum](/) blockchain. It's a collection of code (its functions) and data (its state) that resides at a specific address on the Ethereum blockchain. | ||
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| Smart contracts are a type of [Ethereum account](/developers/docs/accounts/). This means they have a balance and can be the target of transactions. However they're not controlled by a user, instead they are deployed to the network and run as programmed. User accounts can then interact with a smart contract by submitting transactions that execute a function defined on the smart contract. Smart contracts can define rules, like a regular contract, and automatically enforce them via the code. Smart contracts cannot be deleted by default, and interactions with them are irreversible. | ||
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@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ lang: en | |
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| <Logo/> | ||
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| The [Ethereum Foundation](http://ethereum.foundation/) (EF) is a non-profit organization that supports the [Ethereum](/) ecosystem. It funds protocol development, grows the ecosystem, and advocates for Ethereum. | ||
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| The EF is not a company, or even a traditional non-profit. It does not control or lead Ethereum, nor is it the only organization that funds critical development of Ethereum-related technologies. The EF is one part of a much larger [ecosystem](/community/). | ||
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@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ NFTs are used for many things, including: | |
| - certify that you completed a course | ||
| - ownable items for games | ||
| - digital art | ||
| - tokenizing [real-world assets](/real-world-assets/) | ||
| - proving your online identity | ||
| - gating access to content | ||
| - ticketing | ||
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@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Maybe you are an artist that wants to share their work using NFTs, without losin | |
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| Or consider a ticket to a sporting event. Just as an **organizer of an event can choose how many tickets to sell**, the creator of an NFT can decide how many replicas exist. Sometimes these are exact replicas, such as 5000 General Admission tickets. Sometimes several are minted that are very similar, but each slightly different, such as a ticket with an assigned seat. These can be bought and sold peer-to-peer without paying ticket handlers and the buyer always with assurance of the ticket authenticity by checking the contract address. | ||
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| On ethereum.org, **NFTs are used to demonstrate that people have meaningfully contributed** to our Github repository (programmed the website, written or modified an article...), translated our content, or attended our community calls, and we've even got our own NFT domain name. If you contribute to ethereum.org, you can claim a [POAP](/glossary/#poap) NFT. Some crypto meetups have used POAPs as tickets. [More on contributing](/contributing/#poap). You can also explore our [ethereum.org collectibles](/collectibles/) page to see community achievement NFTs. | ||
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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ summaryPoint3: The Beacon Chain introduced the consensus logic and block gossip | |
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| ## What is the Beacon Chain? {#what-is-the-beacon-chain} | ||
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| The Beacon Chain is the name of the original proof-of-stake blockchain that was launched in 2020. It was created to ensure the proof-of-stake consensus logic was sound and sustainable before enabling it on [Ethereum](/) Mainnet. Therefore, it ran alongside the original proof-of-work Ethereum. The Beacon Chain was a chain of 'empty' blocks, but switching off proof-of-work and switching on proof-of-stake on Ethereum required instructing the Beacon Chain to accept transaction data from execution clients, bundle them into blocks and then organize them into a blockchain using a proof-of-stake-based consensus mechanism. At the same moment, the original Ethereum clients turned off their mining, block propagation and consensus logic, handing that all over to the Beacon Chain. This event was known as [The Merge](/roadmap/merge/). Once The Merge happened, there were no longer two blockchains. Instead, there was just one proof-of-stake Ethereum, which now requires two different clients per node. The Beacon Chain is now the consensus layer, a peer-to-peer network of consensus clients that handles block gossip and consensus logic, while the original clients form the execution layer, which is responsible for gossiping and executing transactions, and managing Ethereum's state. The two layers can communicate with one another using the Engine API. | ||
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| ## What does the Beacon Chain do? {#what-does-the-beacon-chain-do} | ||
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@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ summaryPoints: | |
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| # Danksharding {#danksharding} | ||
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| **Danksharding** is how [Ethereum](/) becomes a truly scalable blockchain, but there are several protocol upgrades required to get there. **Proto-Danksharding** is an intermediate step along the way. Both aim to make transactions on Layer 2 as cheap as possible for users and should scale Ethereum to >100,000 transactions per second. | ||
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| ## What is Proto-Danksharding? {#what-is-protodanksharding} | ||
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@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ summaryPoint4: The Merge reduced Ethereum's energy consumption by ~99.95%. | |
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| ## What was The Merge? {#what-is-the-merge} | ||
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| The Merge was the joining of the original execution layer of Ethereum (the Mainnet that has existed since [genesis](/ethereum-forks/#frontier)) with its new proof-of-stake consensus layer, the Beacon Chain. It eliminated the need for energy-intensive mining and instead enabled the network to be secured using staked ETH. It was a truly exciting step in realizing the [Ethereum](/) vision—more scalability, security, and sustainability. | ||
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| <MergeInfographic /> | ||
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@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ As more validators withdraw, the maximum number of exiting validators will gradu | |
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| ### Post-merge inflation breakdown {#post-merge-inflation-breakdown} | ||
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| - [Total ETH supply](/eth/supply/): **~120,520,000 ETH** (at time of The Merge in September 2022) | ||
| - Execution layer issuance: **0** | ||
| - Consensus layer issuance: Same as above, **~0.52%** annualized issuance rate (with 14 million total ETH staked) | ||
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@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ However, people define many Web3 communities as DAOs. These communities all have | |
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| Traditionally, you would create an account for every platform you use. For example, you might have a Twitter account, a YouTube account, and a Reddit account. Want to change your display name or profile picture? You have to do it across every account. You can use social sign-ins in some cases, but this presents a familiar problem—censorship. In a single click, these platforms can lock you out of your entire online life. Even worse, many platforms require you to trust them with personally identifiable information to create an account. | ||
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| Web3 solves these problems by allowing you to control your digital identity with an Ethereum address and [Ethereum Name Service (ENS)](/glossary/#ens) profile. Using an [Ethereum](/) address provides a single login across platforms that is secure, censorship-resistant, and anonymous. | ||
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| ### Native payments {#native-payments} | ||
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ _While several years old, we maintain the original paper below because it contin | |
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| ## A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform {#a-next-generation-smart-contract-and-decentralized-application-platform} | ||
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| Satoshi Nakamoto's development of Bitcoin in 2009 has often been hailed as a radical development in money and currency, being the first example of a digital asset which simultaneously has no backing or "[intrinsic value](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/an-exploration-of-intrinsic-value-what-it-is-why-bitcoin-doesnt-have-it-and-why-bitcoin-does-have-it)" and no centralized issuer or controller. However, another, arguably more important, part of the Bitcoin experiment is the underlying blockchain technology as a tool of distributed consensus, and attention is rapidly starting to shift to this other aspect of Bitcoin. Commonly cited alternative applications of blockchain technology include using on-blockchain digital assets to represent custom currencies and financial instruments ("[colored coins](https://docs.google.com/a/buterin.com/document/d/1AnkP_cVZTCMLIzw4DvsW6M8Q2JC0lIzrTLuoWu2z1BE/edit)"), the ownership of an underlying physical device ("[smart property](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Smart_Property)"), non-fungible assets such as domain names ("[Namecoin](http://namecoin.org)"), as well as more complex applications involving having digital assets being directly controlled by a piece of code implementing arbitrary rules ("[smart contracts](http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/idea.html)") or even blockchain-based "[decentralized autonomous organizations](http://bitcoinmagazine.com/7050/bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i/)" (DAOs). What [Ethereum](/) intends to provide is a blockchain with a built-in fully fledged Turing-complete programming language that can be used to create "contracts" that can be used to encode arbitrary state transition functions, allowing users to create any of the systems described above, as well as many others that we have not yet imagined, simply by writing up the logic in a few lines of code. | ||
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Contributor
There was a problem hiding this comment. Let's revert this change @minimalsm - it's earlier on the page to link to the word Ethereum in the header section, and I don't feel comfortable with us adding links to the actual whitepaper content when it has the disclaimer "we maintain the original paper below" |
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| ## Introduction to Bitcoin and Existing Concepts {#introduction-to-bitcoin-and-existing-concepts} | ||
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