feat: diff based L1 attributes transaction

specs/fjord/diff-based-attributes-tx.md

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Diff Based L1Attributes Transaction
+
+<!-- START doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
+<!-- DON'T EDIT THIS SECTION, INSTEAD RE-RUN doctoc TO UPDATE -->
+**Table of Contents**
+
+- [Implementation](#implementation)
+  - [Ecotone L1Attributes Example](#ecotone-l1attributes-example)
+- [Node Implementation](#node-implementation)
+
+<!-- END doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
+
+The `L1Attributes` transaction is the first transaction included in every L2 block.
+It can be thought of as an extension to the L2 block header that is 100% backwards
+compatible with L1 Ethereum by not changing the structure of the block header itself.
+A major problem with the `L1Attributes` transaction is that it constantly submits the
+same information over and over again. This adds chain history that must be preserved
+forever. Ideally, the `L1Attributes` transaction only includes diffs to reduce the
+growth of the chain history.
+
+## Implementation
+
+The `L1Attributes` transaction already commits to a schema that is ABI encoded.
+There is no concept of an `Optional` type in ABI encoding, so instead we can
+utilize a custom data structure to indicate the presence of a field in the schema.
+A leading bitfield can be used to use presence. Each bit indicates a specific item
+in the schema where `1` means it is present and `0` means it is not present. Each
+item MUST have at least a fixed size portion so that the decoder knows how far
+forward to seek after a read when the item is present.
+
+### Ecotone L1Attributes Example
+
+The following fields are required as part of the `L1Attributes` transaction after
+the Ecotone network upgrade.
+
+| Field             | Size (bytes) | Bitfield Representation  |
+| ----------------- | ------------ | ------------------------ |
+| baseFeeScalar     | 4            | 0b1000\_0000\_0000\_0000 |
+| blobBaseFeeScalar | 4            | 0b0100\_0000\_0000\_0000 |
+| sequenceNumber    | 8            | 0b0010\_0000\_0000\_0000 |
+| l1BlockTimestamp  | 8            | 0b0001\_0000\_0000\_0000 |
+| l1BlockNumber     | 8            | 0b0000\_1000\_0000\_0000 |
+| basefee           | 32           | 0b0000\_0100\_0000\_0000 |
+| blobBaseFee       | 32           | 0b0000\_0010\_0000\_0000 |
+| l1BlockHash       | 32           | 0b0000\_0001\_0000\_0000 |
+| batcherHash       | 32           | 0b0000\_0000\_1000\_0000 |
+
+This is a total of 9 fields, so 9 bits are required to represent all of them.
+It cannot fit into a single byte, so 2 bytes should be used to represent the bitfield.
+Following the bitfield is the data tightly packed together.
+When the value is set to `1` in the location that corresponds to the field, then
+it indicates that the value is present and the the `size` number of bytes should
+be read from the `calldata` and the offset of the next read from the calldata is
+incremented by the `size`. If the value in the bitfield is a `0`, then the data
+is not present and any reading/seeking is skipped.
+
+## Node Implementation
+
+Previously, the node could read the calldata from the latest `L1Attributes` transaction
+to be able to populate it's internal view of the `SystemConfig`. This will not be possible
+with a diff based `L1Attributes` transaction implementation, but the problem can be solved
+easily with a batch RPC call that reads each value directly from state using `eth_call`.

specs/fjord/overview.md

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 **Table of Contents**
 
 - [Execution Layer](#execution-layer)
+- [Consensus Layer](#consensus-layer)
 
 <!-- END doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
 
@@ -13,3 +14,7 @@ This document is not finalized and should be considered experimental.
 ## Execution Layer
 
 - [RIP-7212: Precompile for secp256r1 Curve Support](https://github.com/ethereum/RIPs/blob/master/RIPS/rip-7212.md)
+
+## Consensus Layer
+
+- [Diff Based L1Attributes Transaction](./diff-based-attributes-tx.md)